中国流域生态补偿标准核算方法分析  

Analysis of Ecological Compensation Standard Estimation of River Basins in China

作　　者：禹雪中[1] 冯时[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第9期14-19,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(编号:2008ZX07633-03);国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:50779076)

摘　　要：补偿标准核算是建立流域生态补偿机制的重要内容,也是生态补偿机制实施的关键环节。本文选取政策视角归纳了我国10个省份已经发布和实施的流域生态补偿政策的基本内容,对这些政策的补偿标准核算方法进行了分类,提出以成本和价值作为补偿标准核算方法分类的依据。结合流域生态补偿标准相关的研究成果以及国外政策,对我国流域生态补偿标准核算的政策内容进行了分析,在此基础上对政策层面流域生态补偿标准核算方法的发展和完善提出了建议。为了体现经济规律,同时增强生态补偿制度的激励作用,流域生态补偿政策中的补偿标准在污染赔偿方面需要进一步体现水污染造成的损失,在保护补偿方面需要体现水资源保护的经济价值。在未来我国流域生态补偿实施的过程中,相关方面协商确定补偿标准的趋势将会日益明显,在这个过程中各种量化核算和调查方法可以发挥比较重要的支持作用。本文的分析结果对于推动国家层面流域生态补偿标准核算政策制定或规范地方实践活动具有一定的参考价值。Ecological compensation standard is not only an important content of ecological compensation mechanism, but also a key component for the implementation of the mechanism. This paper summarizes the main contents of ecological compensation policies of river basins which have been issued and implemented in 10 provinces in China. Taking cost and value as classification criterion, this paper classifies the calculation methods of ecological compensation standard of river basins. Combining the research results and international policies, this paper analyzes the ecological compensation standard of river basins in these policies and proposes suggestions for the development and improvement of the standard. In order to accord with economic rules and enhance incentive effect of ecological compensation, the compensation standard should further the reflect the cost of pollution damage in the aspect of pollution compensation, and reflect the value of Water resources protection in the aspect of conservation compensation. For the future implementation of ecological compensation of river basins in China, the involvement of different stakeholders in the negotiation of ecological standard will become a trend and all sorts of calculation and survey methods can provide support in this process. The policy analysis result in this paper can serve as reference for policy making at the national level and regulate practice at the local level in the estimation of ecological compensation standard of river basin.

关 键 词：流域生态补偿 补偿标准 核算方法 政策分析 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] F062.2