数控车床误差快速检测与精度标定  

Fast Error Measurement and Precision Calibration for CNC Lathe

作　　者：李斌[1] 田莺[1] 刘红奇[1] 毛新勇[1] 彭芳瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学国家数控工程中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《机床与液压》2011年第17期18-21,共4页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

摘　　要：数控机床误差检测与精度标定是误差补偿的关键环节。针对中、低档数控机床大批量生产出厂的标定,设计了基于步距规与电感测微仪的数控车床误差快速检测装置。通过设计相应的夹具,保证了步距规与车床的相对位姿精度,简化了操作,提高了测量效率;通过温度误差消除,降低了装置对测量环境的要求;通过分析步距规受夹紧力后引起的变形,消除了夹紧力对测量结果的影响;通过设计接力算法扩大步距规的测量范围,解决了大行程轴的测量问题。此外,该装置可针对不同型号的数控系统,自动生成相应的误差补偿文件。采用该装置和激光干涉仪在CK6136S上进行了一系列对比试验,结果表明:采用该装置能快速检测出中低档数控机床定位误差,测量效率可提高1～2倍,检测精度可达3～4μm。Error measurement and precision calibration are key links in error compensation. For medium and low CNC machine tools＇ calibration in mass production, a fast error measurement equipment was designed based on step-gauge and inductance micrometer. This equipment can guarantee the accuracy of relative pose between step-gauge and the lathe by designing corresponding fixture, which can also simplify the operation and enhance efficiency. The equipment has lowed demand for environment with the temperature difference elimination function. Step-gauge＇s deformation on account of chucking effect was analyzed and the influence caused by chucking effect was eliminated. The designed relay algorithm is used to expand step-gauge＇s measurement range and the measurement of a large stroke axis can be achieved. In addtion, this equipment can generate corresponding error compensation file automatically according to the type of CNC system. A series of contrast tests were carried out with this equipment and a laser interferometer on CK6136S. Results show that this equipment can quickly measure position error for medium and low CNC machine tools. The measurement efficiency can be increased 1 -2 times comparing with the interferometer, and measurement accuracy is up to 3 -4 μm.

关 键 词：数控机床 误差检测 精度标定 步距规 

分 类 号：TP202.2[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]