西江大型底栖动物群落特征研究  

STUDIES ON ASSEMBLAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE WEST RIVER

作　　者：潘保柱[1] 王兆印[1] 何雪宝[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学,水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2011年第5期851-856,共6页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：西部交通建设科技项目(200832874602);水利部公益性项目(200901078)资助

摘　　要：河流担负着水源供给、食物生产、旅游、航运等功能。近年来,人类活动的加剧导致河流生态系统受到威胁。底栖动物常被作为环境指示生物,研究其群落特征为河流保护及管理有着重要意义。为了航运需求,西江开展了航道整治工程,由此引起河道生物栖息生境条件的改变,从而影响河流的生态健康。为了西江的保护和管理,研究于2009年枯水期和2010年丰水期对西江的底栖动物开展了系统调查。调查期间共鉴定底栖动物70种,隶属于30科59属。其中环节动物7科12属16种,软体动物11科14属21种,节肢动物11科32属32种,其他动物1科1属1种。底栖动物的密度和生物量分别为140 ind/m2、0.23 g dry weight/m2。统计分析表明河床底质在底栖动物丰度和分布上起着尤为重要的作用。稳定性越高的底质越有利于底栖动物生存。软泥底质以直接收集者(主要包括颤蚓科寡毛类和摇蚊亚科昆虫)占优,而各类石质底质则以刮食者(主要是短沟蜷Semisulcospira spp.)或过滤收集者(主要是淡水壳菜Limnoperna lacustris)占优。西江航道整治工程的开展降低了生境条件质量甚至使得原有生物栖息地丧失,由此会对底栖动物的生存产生不利影响。Rivers have many service functions such as water supply,food production,sightseeing,shipping and so on,hence playing an important role in people’s living and agricultural production.During the last decades,intensive human activities have been threatening river ecosystem.Macrozoobenthos are important components of river ecosystems,playing an important role in trophic dynamics by cycling nutrients and providing food for higher trophic levels such as fish and birds,and they are often considered as good indicators of long-term changes in environments due to their confinement to the bottom,long life cycles and limited abilities of movement.A better understanding of macrozoobenthic assemblages is of great significance to river conservation and management.For shipping,spur dikes have been built along river bank to increase water depth,thus,river ecosystems face the threat of reduced service functions.To conserve and manage the West River,field investigations of macrozoobenthos were conducted in November 2009（at low water level） and May 2010（at high water level）.Altogether 70 taxa of macrozoobenthos belonging to 30 families and 59 genera were identified.Among them were 16 annelids,21 mollusks,32 arthropods and 1 miscellaneous animal.The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 140 ind/m^2 and 0.23 g dry weight/m^2,respectively.Macrozoobenthic density peaked in the cobbles,while biomass reached the maximum in the bedrock.Detrended Correspondence Analysis（DCA） revealed that substrate played an important role in structuring macrozoobenthic assemblages.The higher substrate stability was more favorable to survival of benthic animals.Macrozoo-benthic assemblages in soft sediment were characterized by dominance of collector-gatherers（mainly Tubificidae and Chi-ronominae）,while macrozoobenthos in stone substrates were dominated by scrapers（e.g.Semisulcospira spp.） or collec-tor-filterers（e.g.Limnoperna lacustris）.In recent years,channel regulation projects have led to reduction of habit

关 键 词：底栖动物 种类 现存量 底质 西江 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]