洛阳市尘肺流行病学调查分析(1963～2007年)  

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN LUOYANG(1963-2007)

作　　者：王颖芳[1,2] 张贺[3] 郭春丽[4] 赵利涛[4] 王萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学医学院预防医学教研室,洛阳471003 [2]郑州大学公共卫生学院 [3]中国人民解放军第150中心医院 [4]洛阳市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2011年第19期3901-3903,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]探讨洛阳市尘肺病特征、危害,为制定有效的尘肺病防治、管理措施提供依据。[方法]对洛阳市1963～2007年新发的793例尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。[结果]新诊断的尘肺病例的行业分布以煤炭(46.28%)、玻璃原料(21.06%)和地质矿产(14.38%)为主,工种以采煤工(35.31%)和型砂工(22.32%)为主,主要分布在1980年以后。尘肺病例以矽肺(49.18%)和煤工尘肺(46.28%)为主,各种尘肺患者主要集中分布在Ⅰ期。从Ⅰ期晋升到Ⅱ期平均时间(7.48±4.30)年;从Ⅱ期晋升到Ⅲ期平均时间(10.46±5.43)年。矽肺的发病年龄早于煤工尘肺(P﹤0.05),且接尘工龄短于煤工尘肺(P﹤0.05)。Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期尘肺病死率矽肺高于煤工尘肺(P﹤0.05),且矽肺和煤工尘肺均有随期次增高病死率增高的趋势(P﹤0.001)。尘肺死因主要为肺心病(20.22%)和尘肺(19.13%)。[结论]尘肺防治工作的重点是预防、治疗肺心病,重点行业是煤炭、地质矿产、玻璃原料。煤工尘肺和矽肺是关键,应加强其健康管理,早期诊断和控制并发症是良性转归的首要措施。[Objective]To study the epidemiological feature of the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis and provide basis for improving medical preventive measures against pneumoconiosis.[Methods]793 cases of lately diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases from 1963 to 2007 in Luoyang were studied and analyzed.[Results]Most of the pneumoconiosis cases were from the field of coalmine（46.28%）,glass material（21.06%）and mineral（14.38%）.The works of cases were mainly digging coal（35.31%）and moulding（22.32%）.The diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases were mainly distributed after 1980.The patients with pneumoconiosis in Luoyang were mainly silicosis（49.18%）and collier pneumoconiosis（46.28%）.The patients with pneumoconiosis were mainly distributed in stage Ⅰ.The average spell of sickness from stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅱ was 7.48 years and from stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅲ was 10.46 years.The age of patients suffering from stage Ⅰ and duration of dust expose in silicosis were all significantly shorter as compared with those in collier pneumoconiosis（P﹤0.05）.The case mortality rate of silicosis in stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ increased significantly as compared with collier pneumoconiosis（P﹤0.05）.The case mortality rate of silicosis and collier pneumoconiosis increased significantly with stage（P﹤0.001）.The main proportional mortality were pneumocardial（20.22%）and pneumoconiosis（19.13%）.[Conclusion]The main areas to be strengthened in their prevention measures on pneumoconiosis might be pneumocardial.The main industries to be focused on might be coalmine,mineral and glass material.Collier pneumoconiosis and silicosis are key factors among pneumoconiosis cases.Hygienic supervision should be strengthened.Early diagnosing and controlling syndromes are the critical measures to the restoration.

关 键 词：尘肺 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]