果树行间套种地被植物对天敌及害虫的影响  

Impact of Orchard Intercropped with Different Groundcovers on Natural Enemies and Pests

作　　者：迟全元[1] 王晓梅[1] 吴晓云[1] 张翌楠[1] 韩振芹[1] 王颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业职业学院,北京102442

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2011年第7期155-161,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家示范校建设之技术攻关与重点支持基金项目(SF-YF-09-03)

摘　　要：研究果树行间种植不同地被植物对果园生态系统的影响。结果表明,苹果园种植地被植物后,节肢动物的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀性指数均明显大于清耕区;从天敌总量来看,禾草区较清耕区天敌增加57.36%,紫花苜蓿区较清耕区增加177.90%,紫花苜蓿+禾草混植区较清耕区增加369.03%;紫花苜蓿+禾草混植区和紫花苜蓿区的天敌发生期提前,持续时间延长;种植地被植物后天敌对害虫的控制作用明显,以紫花苜蓿+禾草混植区作用最好,平均控制效果为85.98%,其中对蚜虫类的控制效果可达94.07%,红蜘蛛类为80.39%,鳞翅目幼虫为88.14%,其他类害虫为81.30%。This paper studied the effects of intercropping different ground cover plants on the ecosystem in the orchard.The results showed that,under the conditions of intercropping ground covers,the arthropod species richness,diversity index,and evenness index exhibited significantly greater than clean tillage area;for the total growth of the natural enemies,the number of natural enemies in grass area,alfalfa area,and grass mixed with alfalfa area increased 57.36%,177.90%,and 369.03%,respectively;the developmental time of natural enemies in the latter two areas was earlier,and the duration was prolonged compared with clean tillage area;the controlling role of natural enemies was enhanced significantly,and the best effect was observed in grass mixed with alfalfa planting area,which average control effect was up to 85.98%,among that on the weed class,on the red spider mite class,on Lepidoptera larvae,and on other types of pests was 94.07%,80.39%,88.14%,and 81.30%,respectively.

关 键 词：果园 地被植物 害虫 天敌 控制作用 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学] S688.4[农业科学—园艺学]