太湖水体典型重金属镉和铬含量及其生态风险  

Cadmium and chromium concentrations and their ecological risks in the water body of Taihu Lake,East China

作　　者：陈璐璐[1,2] 周北海[1] 徐冰冰[2] 吴丰昌[2] 符志友[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学环境工程系,北京100083 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第10期2290-2296,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2008CB418200);国家自然科学基金项目(40903038和41003047)资助

摘　　要：2010年9月使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对太湖水体中典型重金属镉和铬的暴露水平进行监测,在分析重金属暴露特征及其对太湖水生生物慢性毒性效应的基础上,采用安全阈值法进行生态风险评估。结果表明:镉和铬在太湖水体中均有检出,它们的平均暴露浓度分别为0.85和40.04μg·L-1;与铬相比,太湖水生生物对镉更敏感;铬的安全阈值>1,镉的安全阈值略<1,表明铬已对太湖水生生物造成一定的生态风险,而镉尚未对太湖造成明显生态风险。镉和铬的生态风险评估结果表明,毒性相对较低的铬,在高浓度环境暴露下会对生态环境造成较大风险,应给予足够重视。By using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）,the exposure levels of the typical heavy metals cadmium（Cd） and chromium（Cr） in the water body of Taihu Lake were monitored in September 2010.Based on the analysis of the exposure levels of the Cd and Cr and their chronic toxic effects on the aquatic organisms,the ecological risks of the two heavy metals were assessed by the method of safety threshold.Both Cd and Cr were detected in the Taihu Lake water body,and the average exposure concentrations of Cd and Cr were 0.85 μg·L-1 and 40.04 μg·L-1,respectively.Biological evidences and previous researches documented that aquatic organisms were more sensitive to Cd than to Cr,and the safety threshold of Cr was greater than 1 whereas that of Cd was slightly less than 1.According to the safety thresholds,Cr in Taihu Lake had produced definite ecological risk to the aquatic organisms,whereas Cd didn＇t produce obvious risk.Thereby,enough attention should be paid to the relatively low toxicity Cr because of its greater ecological risk at high exposure concentration.

关 键 词：太湖 镉 铬 生态风险评估 安全阈值 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4