三维多分量资料处理关键技术进展  

Progress of the key techniques on 3D multi-component seismic data processing

作　　者：黄中玉[1,2] 王于静[1] 刘伟峰[1,2] 谢飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油化工集团公司多波地震重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期23-29,114,共7页Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University（Natural Science Edition）

摘　　要：与纵波地震资料相比,由于多分量资料的矢量特征、各向异性和转换波传播路径非对称性,因此需要一套特殊的资料处理技术,解决多波地震资料处理中的难题,同时发挥矢量波场的优势,从而改善三分量地震资料处理的质量.利用多分量的矢量特征、偏振特征以及面波特征,压制随机和相干噪声,进行纵波和横波的波场合成与分离.针对转换波非对称传播路径问题,提出转换波共反射面元计算、建立近地表浅层横波速度模型的解决方案,从而解决转换波共反射面元和转换波静校正问题.各向异性对转换波的影响比纵波更加明显,因此如何从多波资料中反演各向异性参数,消除各向异性参数对成像质量的影响至关重要.在这个处理环节中,建立了4参数各向异性反演方法,实现转换波各向异性动校正和各向异性叠前时间偏移处理.同时在国内最早提出和实现了转换波弯曲射线各向异性叠前时间偏移技术,改善偏移能量的聚焦性,降低成像剖面低频化现象.Compared with P-wave seismic data,the multi-component seismic data is of vector characteristics,anisotropy and the asymmetry of PS-wave path.Therefore,it is necessary to develop the special techniques for multi-component seismic data processing.The techniques should play the advantage of vector wave field and eventually improve the quality of multi-component data processing.The vector,polarization and surface wave characteristics of multiple components are used for suppressing random and coherent noise in the synthesis and the decomposition of wave fields.According to the asymmetric propagation path of PS-wave,the calculation of common converted points(CCP) bin and the velocity model of near-surface S-wave are put forward to solve the problems of CCP bin and PS-wave static correction.In accordance with the anisotropy of multi-component seismic data,a four-parameter anisotropic inversion method is presented for realizing PS-wave anisotropic NMO correction and anisotropy prestack time migration.The presented curved-ray anisotropic prestack time migration technology for PS-wave improves the energy focus and low-frequency phenomenon on migrated imaging.

关 键 词：多分量地震资料 矢量波场 各向异性 转换波静校正 叠前时间偏移 

分 类 号：TE121[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探] P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]