微生态制剂对哺乳和断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及作用机理研究  

Probiotics: Effects on Performance and Mechanisms of Action in Suckling and Weaner Piglets

作　　者：尹清强[1,2] 李小飞[1] 常娟[1] 郑秋红[1] 杨玉荣[1] 左瑞雨[1] 刘俊熙 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,郑州450002 [2]河南省饲料微生物工程技术研究中心,周口466000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2011年第4期622-630,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河南省科技成果转化项目(082201180001)

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨微生态制剂对哺乳和断奶仔猪的健康和生长性能的影响。本研究分2个试验阶段：第1阶段,仔猪从7日龄开始诱食教槽料,28日龄断奶,然后再继续饲喂教槽料1周;第2阶段,仔猪饲喂保育料,重点研究微生态制剂对35~60日龄断奶仔猪的影响。结果表明：1）无论是在哺乳仔猪的教槽料或是在断奶仔猪的保育料中加入微生态制剂和抗生素,皆对仔猪的生长无显著促进作用（P〉0.05）;但是,在仔猪的教槽料和保育料中分别加入0.10%和0.05%微生态制剂（全价料中有效菌含量分别为1×106和5×105cfu/g）,可使仔猪的腹泻率和死亡率比对照组明显降低,且优于抗生素（P〈0.05）。2）与空白对照组和抗生素组相比,在断奶仔猪的保育料中加入0.05%微生态制剂,可使仔猪胃、空肠、结肠、盲肠中的乳酸菌数量显著增加（P〈0.05）,而使胃和盲肠中大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P〈0.05）,有利于维持仔猪胃肠道微生物区系的稳定,减少消化道疾病的发生。3）微生态制剂可使仔猪空肠、结肠、盲肠的肠壁厚度降低（P〈0.05）;使空肠和盲肠的隐窝深度下降,而使结肠隐窝深度增加（P〈0.05）;使胃中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力上升,而使空肠中淀粉酶的活力下降（P〈0.05）;对胃和空肠中的酸碱度无显著影响（P〉0.05）。4）微生态制剂可显著地提高仔猪血清中谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶的活力及免疫球蛋白A的含量（P〈0.05）,而显著降低碱性磷酸酶的活力（P〈0.05）,对其他血清生化指标无显著影响（P〉0.05）。综合结果显示,微生态制剂具有减少哺乳和断奶仔猪消化道疾病发生、降低死亡率、提高机体免疫力等功效,是仔猪生产中一种理想的饲料添加剂。In order to study the effects of probiotics on the performance and health in suckling and weaner piglets,the experiments were divided into two phases.In the first phase,the piglets were fed creep diets from 7 to 35 days old,and weaned at the age of 28 d.In the second phase,the piglets were fed starter diets from 35 to 60 days old.The results are showed as follows： 1） the addition of probitics and antibiotics in the creep and starter diets had no significant effects on piglet growth（P0.05）,but 0.10% probiotics in the creep diet and 0.05% probiotics in the starter diet could reduce diarrhea rate and mortality,compared with the control and antibiotics（P0.05）,in which the visible counts of probiotics were 1×106 and 5×105 cfu/g,respectively.2） The addition of 0.05% probiotics in the starter diet of piglets could increase the number of lactic acid bacteria in stomach,jejunum,colon and caecum（P0.05）,and reduce E.coli in stomach and caecum（P0.05）,compared with the control and antibiotics,which would keep gut microbes stable and help to reduce digestive diseases.3） Probiotics could reduce the membrane thickness of jejunum,colon and caecum（P0.05）;reduce crypt depth of jejunum and caecum,while increase crypt depth of colon（P0.05）.Probiotics had the ability to increase the activities of protease and amylase in stomach,but reduce amylase activity in jejunum（P0.05）.In addition,it could keep pH stable in stomach and jejunum.4） Probiotics could increase the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase as well as the concentration of immunoglobulin A（P0.05）,while reduce serum alkaline phosphatase activity（P0.05）,and it had no significant effect on other serum biochemical indices.It can be concluded that probiotics will be an ideal feed additive to reduce digestive diseases and mortality,and improve immunity and health in piglets.

关 键 词：微生态制剂 仔猪 生产性能 胃肠道结构 血清生化指标 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]