三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其组织残留的研究  

Cyanuric Acid and Melamine:Effects on Growth Performance and Their Residues in Tissues of Broilers

作　　者：王亮[1] 丁雪梅[1] 张克英[1] 白世平[1] 吴彩梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,教育部抗病营养重点实验室,雅安625014

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2011年第6期1019-1026,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：农业部饲料中三聚氰胺限量制定专项;四川农业大学双支计划团队资助

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的三聚氰酸（cyanuric acid,CYA）和/或三聚氰胺（melamine,MEL）对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其在血浆、组织中的残留。试验采用2×5两因子设计,1 200只1日龄科宝500肉鸡公雏随机分为10个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。CYA设5个水平：0、10、20、33.3和50 mg/kg,MEL设2个水平：0和100 mg/kg。试验期42 d。结果表明,CYA对肉鸡体重、体增重、平均日采食量及料重比无显著影响（P〉0.05）,单独添加10-50 mg/kg CYA对肉鸡21 d体重、1-21 d体增重和平均日采食量有不利影响（P〉0.05）。CYA和/或MEL未影响肉鸡对饲粮粗蛋白质、钙和磷的利用率（P〉0.05）,但50 mg/kg CYA显著降低饲粮总能利用率（P〈0.05）。饲粮添加CYA和/或MEL可在肉鸡血浆、肾脏检出CYA残留;所有处理肉鸡肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中均检出MEL残留,二者联合添加增加了肉鸡组织中MEL的残留量。由此可知,饲粮单独添加CYA10-50 mg/kg对幼龄肉鸡生长性能有不利影响,50 mg/kg CYA显著降低饲粮总能利用率;饲粮添加CYA和/或MEL可在肉鸡组织中检出CYA和MEL,联合添加增加组织中MEL残留量,二者比例影响MEL残留量。The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cyanuric acid（CYA） and a combination of melamine（MEL） and CYA on growth performance and residues in plasma and tissues in broilers.A total of 1 200 COBB 500 male broilers were randomly allocated into 10 treatments by a 2×5 factorial design in a 42-day experiment.The dietary treatments were as follows： treatments 1 to 5 were basal diets with supplementation of CYA at 0,10,20,33.3 and 50 mg/kg,respectively;treatments 6 to 10 were basal diets with CYA regimens similar to treatments 1 to 5 but with supplementation of MEL at 100 mg/kg in the same time.There were 6 replicates（pens） per treatment with 20 chicks per pen.The results showed that no significant differences were found on body weight,body weight gain,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio,and digestibility of crude protein,Ca and P（P〈0.05）,but CYA supplementation had adverse effects on body weight of d 21,body weight gain of d 1 to 21,and average daily feed intake（P〈0.05）.Apparent availability of gross energy（GE） was lowered when birds were fed CYA at 50 mg/kg（P〈0.05）.The residues of CYA in plasma and kidney could be detected at the highest levels when CYA was supplemented alone at 33.3 or 50 mg/kg.When CYA was supplemented alone,the residues of MEL in breast muscle,liver,and kidney could be detected,while MEL in liver and kidney could be increased significantly with the supplementation of CYA and MEL together.These results indicate that supplementation of CYA at 10 to 50 mg/kg can decrease the growth performance of broilers,and the apparent availability of GE can be reduced by CYA at 50 mg/kg significantly.Residues of CYA and MEL in broiler tissues can be detected with dietary CYA and/or MEL,and they together can increase MEL residue.Besides,their proportion affects the level of MEL residue.

关 键 词：三聚氰酸 三聚氰胺 肉鸡 生长性能 养分利用率 残留 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]