三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸对蛋鸡毒性效应的研究  

Toxicity of the Combination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid on Laying Hens

作　　者：张定华[1] 白世平[1] 张克英[1] 丁雪梅[1] 吴彩梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,教育部抗病营养重点实验室,雅安625014

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2011年第6期1027-1034,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：四川省教育厅科研重点项目(08ZA071);现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-41);四川农业大学双支计划团队项目

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨饲粮中单独添加三聚氰胺（melamine,MEL）或与三聚氰酸（cyanuricacid,CYA）合用对蛋鸡健康的影响。将126只78周龄罗曼粉壳蛋鸡随机分为7个组,每组9个重复,每个重复2只鸡。组1为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;组2-4分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加MEL 5、15和30 mg/kg的饲粮,组5-7分别饲喂在组2-4的饲粮中添加CYA 1.667、5和10 mg/kg的饲粮,以保持MEL和CYA比例为3∶1。试验期35 d。结果表明：1）饲粮中添加MEL和CYA显著影响21 d血清尿酸（UA）含量（P〈0.05）,且MEL与CYA合用时UA含量高于单独添加MEL时;组织切片观察表明,MEL对肝脏影响较小,对肾脏有不同程度的损伤;MEL和CYA合用加剧了肝脏和肾脏损伤,分别表现为肝细胞排列紊乱、肝索结构不清、肝细胞浆中有数量较多的不规则或近圆形空泡,肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、水泡变性,部分肾小球轻度充血。2）停止饲喂含MEL和CYA饲粮7 d后,血清UA含量接近对照组水平,肝脏和肾脏无明显病变。结果表明,饲粮中单独添加5-30 mg/kg MEL或与1.667-10 mg/kg CYA合用造成蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏损伤;合用的毒性大于单独添加;停止饲喂含MEL和CYA饲粮7 d后,可消除二者的不利影响。The study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of melamine（MEL） alone and the combination of MEL and cyanuric acid（CYA） on laying hens.A total of 126 Rohman 78-week-old laying hens were randomly allotted to 7 groups with 9 replicates per group and 2 birds per replicate for 35 days.Group 1（control） were fed a basal diet,groups 2 to 4 were fed basal diets supplemented with 5,15,and 30 mg/kg MEL,respectively,and groups 5 to 7 were fed the diets of groups 2 to 4 supplemented with 1.667,5,and 10 mg/kg CYA,respectively.The MEL to CYA ratio was kept constant as 3∶1 for the diets of groups 5 to 7.The results were shown as follows： 1） MEL and CYA supplementation significantly increased the content of UA on d 21.Moreover,UA content was higher when MEL and CYA were supplemented together;histological examination indicated that MEL had little impact on liver but damaged kidney in varying degrees;the liver and kidney of the hens fed the diets supplemented with MEL and CYA in the same time were damaged more heavily than those of the hens fed the diets supplemented with only MEL： hepatic cells disorder with abnormal lobular architecture,unclear hepatic cord and large numbers of irregular or round vacuole in liver cytoplasm were observed in the liver,and swelling epithelial cells in renal tubule,blister denaturation and even light congestion of partial glomerulus were observed in the kidney.2） After elimination of MEL and CYA for 7 days,the contents of serum UA and kidney MDA recovered to the control levels,and no significant lesions in the liver and kidney were observed.In conclusion,the supplementation of MEL at 5 to 30 mg/kg and CYA at 1.667 to 10 mg/kg can destroy the liver and kidney of laying hens;supplementation with MEL and CYA in the same time can lead to heavier damages to the liver and kidney than supplementation with MEL alone;the harmful effects of MEL and CYA can be eliminated in 7 days after withdrawal.

关 键 词：三聚氰胺 三聚氰酸 蛋鸡 健康 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]