饲料中添加硒酵母和维生素E对刺参生长、免疫力及抗病力的影响  

Effects of Dietary Selenoyeast and Vitamin E on Growth,Immunity and Disease Resistance of Sea Cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)

作　　者：张琴[1,2] 麦康森[1] 张文兵[1] 马洪明[1] 艾庆辉[1] 徐玮[1] 刘付志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,青岛266003 [2]广西壮族自治区海洋研究所,广西海洋生物技术重点实验室,北海536000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2011年第10期1745-1755,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划863计划(2006AA100313)资助

摘　　要：本文旨在研究饲料中添加硒酵母和维生素E对刺参生长、免疫力及抗病力的影响。采用2×4双因子试验设计,即在基础饲料中分别添加0和250 mg/kg的维生素E,每一维生素E水平下分别添加0、100、300和600 mg/kg的硒酵母,共制成8种试验饲料,饲喂平均初始体重为(3.52±0.08)g的刺参8周。每组设3个重复,每个重复25头刺参,其中饲喂未添加硒酵母和维生素E的基础饲料的组为对照组。饲养试验结果表明,硒酵母和维生素E对刺参的特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P<0.05),高剂量硒酵母(600 mg/kg)和维生素E(250 mg/kg)添加组刺参的SGR最高。当饲料中不添加维生素E时,刺参的吞噬活性、呼吸爆发(RB)活性、酚氧化酶(PO)活性和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性随硒酵母添加量的增加而升高,且600 mg/kg硒酵母添加组上述指标均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。当饲料中250 mg/kg的维生素E时,添加600 mg/kg硒酵母组刺参的吞噬活性、RB活性和PO活性均高于其他硒酵母添加组,并显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。攻毒试验结果表明饲料中添加硒酵母和维生素E均可显著影响刺参感染灿烂弧菌后的14 d内的累积死亡率(P<0.05)。当饲料中不添加维生素E时,刺参的累积死亡率随着硒酵母添加量的增加有下降的趋势(P>0.05)。当饲料中添加250 mg/kg的维生素E时,各硒酵母添加组刺参的累积死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲料中添加硒酵母和维生素E均可提高刺参的特定生长率、免疫力和抗病力,同时添加600 mg/kg硒酵母和250 mg/kg的维生素E是本研究最优的组合。This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary selenoyeast and vitamin E on growth,immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）.A total of 600 sea cucumbers with an average initial body weight of（3.52±0.08） g were fed with 8 practical diets according to a 2×4 factorial design：a basal diet as the control diet supplemented with 2 levels of vitamin E（0 and 250 mg/kg）,crossed with 0,100,300 or 600 mg/kg selenoyeast for 8 weeks.There were 3 replicates per group with 35 sea cucumbers.The feeding trial results showed that dietary selenoyeast and vitamin E had significant influence on specific growth rate（SGR）（P〈0.05）,and the highest SGR of sea cucumbers was found in the group with the diet containing 600 mg/kg selenoyeast and 250 mg/kg vitamin E.In the groups with the diets containing 0 mg/kg vitamin E,phagocytosis activity,respiratory burst（RB） activity,phenoloxidase（PO） activity and acid phosphatase（ACP） activity were increased with the selenoyeast level increasing,and above indices in the group with the diet containing 600 mg/kg selenoyeast were significantly higher than those in the control group（P〈0.05）.In the groups with the diets containing 250 mg/kg vitamin E,sea cucumbers fed the diet containing 600 mg/kg selenoyeast had significantly higher phagocytosis,RB activity and PO activity compared with the control group（P〈0.05）.The challenge trial results showed that dietary selenoyeast and vitamin E had significant effects on cumulative mortality at 14 days after infection with V.splendidus（P〈0.05）.When diets did not contain vitamin E,the cumulative mortality showed a decreasing tendency with selenoyeast increasing（P〉0.05）.When diets supplemented with 250 mg/kg vitamin E,sea cucumbers fed each selenoyeast level diet had significantly lower cumulative mortality compared with the control group（P〈0.05）.It can be concluded that the supplementation of selenoyeast and vitamin E in diets can enhance the SG

关 键 词：刺参 硒酵母 维生素E 免疫力 抗病力 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]