江苏省不同年代典型粳稻品种的产量及株型差异  

The difference in grain yield and plant type among typical japonica varieties in different years in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：熊洁[1] 陈功磊[1] 王绍华[1] 丁艳锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2011年第5期1-6,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A03)

摘　　要：以江苏省近50年来在生产上大面积种植的10个代表性粳稻品种为材料,研究不同年代水稻产量形成、干物质生产、源库关系和株型的差异。结果表明:从20世纪60年代至90年代水稻单产显著提高,之后提高的幅度趋于平缓。在品种演进过程中,结实率、千粒重的遗传改良效果不显著,但每穗粒数显著增加,这是产量提高的关键。从20世纪60年代至80年代水稻的干物质量和收获指数同时增加,20世纪80年代以后收获指数略有下降,但干物质生产能力继续增加。品种演进使株型得到改良,顶3叶的叶长、叶角明显减小,穗部着粒密度、二次枝梗数增加,粒叶比也得到提高。从20世纪70年代至21世纪的品种株高明显增加,基部节间长度逐渐减小,直径逐渐增加。Two years experiments were conducted with ten typical japonica varieties widely planted in Jiangsu Province during the last 50 years which were classified into five groups i.e.1960s,1970s,1980s,1990s and 21st century,according to their breeding times.The characteristics of grain yield and its components,biomass production,source-sink relationships and plant types of all tested varieties were investigated in this experiment.The result showed that grain yield of varieties bred from 1960s to 1990s increased with the evolution of the cultivars,but there was no significant increase since 1990s.It was not observed that the seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight increased obviously with genetic improvement.However,spikelets per panicle increased significantly with the improvement of rice cultivars,and this may be the key factor for yield increasing.From 1960s to 1980s,dry matter production and harvest index increased simultaneously.After 1980s,harvest index decreased slightly,but dry matter production increased dramatically.The improvement of plant type significantly reduced length and elevation angle of the top three leaves on stems and increased the grain density and second branch number of panicle.From 1970s to 21st century,plant height increased significantly.The length of the bottom internodes tended to decrease while the diameter increased with year processing.

关 键 词：粳稻 演进 产量 株型 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学] S321