不同治理措施对退化草原土壤可培养微生物区系的影响  

Effect of Different Control Measures on the Soil Cultured Microorganisms Flora in Degraded Grassland

作　　者：邵玉琴[1] 刘钟龄[2] 贾志斌[1] 戴雅婷[3] 赵紫龙[1] 赵吉[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2011年第5期77-81,共5页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(20080404MS0402;20080404Zd13);国家"973"计划前期研究专项(2009CB125909);农业部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项及公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803060);中央级公益性科研院所(中国农业科学院草原研究所)基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009-Z-3)

摘　　要：利用纯培养技术，对退化草原四项不同治理措施（浅耕翻、耙地、播种羊草、围栏封育）处理后的土壤微生物进行研究。结果表明，四项治理措施中，各类群土壤微生物均显著高于对照区。0～10cm土层，微生物各类群的数量均依次为浅耕翻〉耙地〉播种羊草〉围栏封育〉对照；四项治理措施细菌数量依次比对照区增高了91．95％、89．66％、87．36％和73．56％；真菌数量增高了53．06％、50．34％、50．34％和23．81％；放线菌数量增高了41．27％、38．89％、24．47％和22．63％。10～30cm土层，细菌和放线菌的数量均依次为浅耕翻〉耙地〉播种羊草〉围栏封育〉对照；四项治理措施细菌数量依次比对照区增高了43．59％、43．59％、41．03％和33．33％；放线菌数量分别比对照区增高了34．19％、31．15％、29．74％和5．39％；而该土层真菌数量则依次为围栏封育〉播种羊草〉浅耕翻〉耙地〉对照，四项治理措施分别比对照增高了221．74％、191．30％、162．86％和161．43％。采取不同治理措施后，微生物各类群的数量增高幅度各不相同，其中o～10cm土层细菌数量增高幅度最高，真菌次之，放线菌最低。而10~30cm土层真菌数量增高幅度最高，细菌次之，放线菌最低。四项治理措施土壤微生物与对照均有显著性差异。Soil microbial numbers in four grasslands recovered by different control measures such as shallow ploughing, harrowing, sowing Leymus chinensis and enclosed ＆grazing, were measured through spread-plate technique. The result showed that soil microbial numbers of the grassland recovered were sig nificantly more than those of controlled grassland unrecovered. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, soil microbial numbers of four grasslands recovered were gradually decreased in order of shallow ploughing, harrowing, sowing Leymus chinensis and enclosed ＆ grazing. Compared to controlled grassland unrecovered, the bac teria of four grasslands recovered increased by 91. 95%, 89. 66%, 97. 36% and 73. 56%, the fungi in creased by 53.06%, 50.34%, 50.34% and 23.81%, the actinomycetes increased by 41.27%, 38.89%, 24. 47% and 22.36%, respectively. In the 10-30 cm soil layer, the bacteria and actinomycetes of four grasslands recovered were gradually decreased in order of shallow ploughing, harrowing, sowing Leymus ckinensis and enclosed ＆grazing respectively. Compared to controlled grassland unrecovered, the bacteria increased by 43.59~, 43.59~, 41.03~ and 33.33~, the actinomycetes increased by 34.19%, 31.15%, 29.14% and 5.39%, respectively. The fungi of four grasslands recovered in the 10-30 cm soil layer were gradually decreased in order of enclosed＆ grazing, sowing Leymus chinensis, shallow ploughing and har rowing. Compared to controlled grassland unrecovered, the bacteria of four grassland recovered in the 10 -30 cmlayer increased by 221.74%, 191.3%, 162.86% and 161.4%. After taking different control measures, the change of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the grassland soil were not identical. In the 0-10 cm layer, the change of bacteria was the fastest, and the change of fungi was faster than that of acti- nomycetes, but in the 10-30 cm layer ,the change of fungi was the fastest, and the change of bacteria was faster than that of actinomycetes. For soil microbial, there was significant difference between four grass- lan

关 键 词：治理措施 退化草原 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S154.37[农业科学—土壤学]