不同施肥模式对旱区春油菜生长特性的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Growth Characteristics of Spring-rape(B. napus L.) in Dry Farming Area

作　　者：张荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第26期15862-15864,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B09)

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同施肥模式对旱区春油菜(Brassica napusL.)生长特性的影响,为旱作区春油菜高产高效生产提供技术支撑。[方法]针对青海省旱区春油菜种植中常规农户施肥存在的问题,设计了高产高效、再高产和再高产高效3种施肥模式,并设常规农户施肥模式和不施肥为对照。其中,高产高效施肥模式为:基肥,129.00 kg/hm2N+90.00 kg/hm2P2O5+55.50 kg/hm2K2O+1 260.00 kg/hm2有机肥。再高产施肥模式为:基肥,103.50 kg/hm2N+90.00 kg/hm2P2O5+55.50 kg/hm2K2O+1 260.00 kg/hm2有机肥+0.540 kg/hm2硼肥+11.100 kg/hm2硫肥;追肥,34.50 kg/hm2N。再高产高效施肥模式为:基肥,151.50 kg/hm2N+75.00 kg/hm2P2O5+45.00 kg/hm2K2O+1 695.00 kg/hm2有机肥+0.036 kg/hm2硼肥+0.740 kg/hm2硫肥。再高产高效施肥模式采用的种植方式为垄膜沟植,其他施肥模式及对照采用露地种植。[结果]与常规农户施肥模式和不施肥处理相比,3种施肥模式下春油菜的有效分枝能力较强,角果数增多,千粒重相对较高,产量和水分利用效率增加显著;与常规农户施肥模式相比,高产高效、再高产和再高产高效3种施肥模式增产率分别为13.10%、25.00%和30.95%,水分利用率分别增加9.31%、25.24%、48.77%。[结论]在旱作区,对常规农户施肥模式进行调整,通过平衡施肥可以充分发挥作物施肥的增产潜力。[Objective] The aim was to study effects of different fertilization modes on growth characteristics of spring-rape in dry farming area,provide a technical support for its high yield and high efficiency product.[Method] According to the problems of the custom fertilization during planting the spring-rape in dry area of Qinghai Province,3 kinds of fertilization modes,the high yield and high efficiency fertilization mode（129.00 kg/hm2 N＋90.00 kg/hm2 P2O5＋55.50 kg/hm2 K2O＋1 260.00 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer were all used as basic fertilizer）,the higher yield fertilization mode（103.50 kg/hm2 N＋90.00 kg/hm2 P2O5＋55.50 kg/hm2 K2O＋1 260.00 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer＋0.540 kg/hm2 boron fertilizer＋11.100 kg/hm2 sulfur fertilizer were all used as basic fertilizer,34.50 kg/hm2 N was used as additional fertilizer）,and the higher yield and high efficiency fertilization mode（151.50 kg/hm2 N＋75.00 kg/hm2 P2O5＋45.00 kg/hm2 K2O＋1 695.00 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer＋0.036 kg/hm2 boron fertilizer＋0.740 kg/hm2 sulfur fertilizer were all used as basic fertilizer）,were designed.And the custom fertilization mode and no fertilization were used as control.The planting pattern of the more high yield and high efficiency fertilization mode was furrow-culture and ridge-covered,that of the others fertilization modes and control were cultivating in the open field.[Result] The results showed that comparing with custom fertilization mode and no fertilizer,3 kinds of fertilization modes enhanced the ability of effective branches of spring-rape,increased its pod numbers and 1 000-grain weight,and significantly increased its yield and water use efficiency.Comparing with custom fertilization mode,the increasing production rates of the high yield and high efficiency fertilization mode,the more high yield fertilization mode and the more high yield and high efficiency fertilization mode were 13.10%,25.00% and 30.95%,respectively,and the water use efficiency increased by 9.31%,25.24% and 48.77% respectively.[Conclusion] B

关 键 词：春油菜 施肥模式 生长特性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]