环境因素对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发与存活的影响  

Effect of Environmental Factor on the Conidiospore Germination and Survival of Apple Tree Canker Pathogen

作　　者：刘如香[1] 王树桐[1] 司丽丽[2] 陈曲[1] 胡同乐[1] 曹克强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省保定市气象局,河北保定071000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第26期16009-16012,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家苹果现代产业技术体系项目(nycytx-08-04-01);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903004-42)

摘　　要：[目的]对影响苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发及存活的环境因子进行研究,为防治苹果树腐烂病提供理论依据。[方法]对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子的萌发条件、在不同环境下的存活时间进行了测试。[结果]苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子在清水中不能萌发,在PDA、ABA和RA 3种培养基上24 h萌发率均超过80%。分生孢子在0~35℃均可萌发,但在不同温度下萌发时间有较大差异,最适萌发温度是25℃,24 h萌发率超过90%。在0℃培养18 d,孢子萌发率可达64%。分生孢子角在49℃下10 m in即可致死。腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发率随紫外线强度增加及照射时间延长而显著下降。在室内外分别测试了腐烂病菌分生孢子角的存活时间。在室内,树枝上的腐烂病菌分生孢子角可存活9周,而在树皮上的分生孢子角放置5周即失去萌发能力。在室外,自然背阴条件下,分生孢子可存活2周;而在向阳处经1周,分生孢子即丧失萌发能力。分生孢子在室温下无菌水中可存活5周。[结论]腐烂病菌分生孢子对环境的适应力较强,在冬季的低温下也能萌发造成侵染。[Objective] The theoretical basis of the prevention of apple rot was provided through the study on the environmental factors affecting the conidiospore germination and survival of apple tree canker[Valsa ceratosperma（Tode et Fr.） Marie] pathogen.[Method] The condition of the conidiospore germination and its survival time of apple tree canker pathogen under different circumstances were tested.[Result] The conidiospore of apple tree canker pathogen could not germinate in water and its germination rate was over 80% in 3 kinds of media：PDA,ABA or RA for 24 hours＇ culturing.At 0-35 ℃the conidiospore might germinate,however,its germination time at different temperatures was quite difference and the optimum germination temperature of the conidiospore was under the condition of 25 ℃ for 24 hours＇ culturing,which germination rate was over 90%.Under the condition of 0 ℃ and 18 days＇ culture,the germination rate of its spore was 64% and at 49 ℃ for 10 minute the conidiocarp would be fatal.The germination rate of the conidiospore was significantly decreased with the increment of UV intensity and the prolonging of its exposure time under UV.The survival time of the conidiospore in the condition of indoor and outdoor was tested respectively.Inside room condition,the conidiospore in the apple tree branch could survive for nine weeks and in the apple tree bark would die after 5 weeks.The conidiospore under the condition of natural shade in outdoor could survive for 2 weeks and under sunny place the ability of the conidiospore germination would be lost after 1 week.The survival time of the spore in the sterile water at room temperature was 5 weeks.[Conclusion] The spore of the apple rot pathogen had strong adaptability to the environment and its infection could appear in the low temperature of winter.

关 键 词：苹果树腐烂病菌 病害流行 分生孢子萌发 温度 光照 

分 类 号：S436.611.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]