船用离心泵汽蚀性能数值模拟与试验研究  

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Cavitation Performance of a Marine Centrifugal Pump

作　　者：王秀礼[1] 姜大连 俞志君[2] 戴露[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏振华泵业制造有限公司,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《热能动力工程》2011年第5期588-592,635,共5页Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(50825902);江苏省自然科学基金攀登资助项目(BK2009218)

摘　　要：采用CFD数值模拟的方法,对船用离心泵在不同汽蚀余量时叶轮内部压力分布和汽液两相的分布规律进行了研究,结果表明,数值模拟结果与试验结果的变化趋势一致,平均绝对误差为0.15 m。流场在隐形汽蚀阶段,汽泡只在叶片进口背面很小的局部区域内产生和破灭,不会对叶轮造成较大汽蚀破坏;在部分漩涡汽蚀阶段,在靠近叶轮出口的叶片背面位置存在低速旋涡区,漩涡区的大小及分布规律与蜗壳横截面有关;在漩涡汽蚀阶段,在低速旋涡区与蜗壳之间的通道内存在空腔,低速漩涡区和空腔的存在会影响到蜗壳内部的流动速度的稳定性,会产生很大的压力脉动进而会对船用离心泵产生较大的噪声和振动。By using a CFD(computational fluid dynamics) numerical simulation method,studied was the law governing the pressure and gas-liquid two phase distribution inside the impeller of a marine centrifugal pump at various cavitation allowances.It has been found that the numerical simulation results share an identical variation tendency with the test results and the average absolute error is approximately 0.15 m.In the stealth cavitation stage,the air bubbles are only produced and burst in a very small local area on the back at the inlet of the blades and no relatively big cavitation destruction to the impeller is caused.In the partial vortex cavitation stage,a low speed vortex zone exists on the back of the blades close to the outlet of the impeller and its size and distribution law is relating to the transversal section of the volute.In the vortex cavitation stage,a hollow cavity exists in the passage between the low speed vortex zone and the volute.The existence of the low speed vortex zone and hollow cavity may influence the stability of the flow speed inside the volute,producing a very big pressure pulsation and furthermore causing a relatively big noise and vibration to the marine centrifugal pump.

关 键 词：船用离心泵 振动 噪声 汽蚀 数值模拟试验 

分 类 号：U664[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]