从语义类推的新类型看其认知本质、动因及其他问题  

New Types of Semantic Analogy:Its Nature in Cognition,Motivation and Other Issues

作　　者：朱彦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系 [2]北京大学计算语言学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2011年第4期507-521,共15页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：本文探讨词群中由语义关系引起的语义类推现象。前人研究语义类推,往往只注意到同义和反义词群,而在其他词群,如同位、上下位、主题词群中也会发生语义类推。本文分析了当代汉语中几组牵涉到语义类推的词群,深入探讨了语义类推的三个心理制约:结构的一致、对关系的聚焦及系统性,指出语义类推本质上是一个跨域的系统投射过程,其动因是不同概念域中语义关系的同构。语义类推是一种原型范畴,当中存在着代表性等级。论文还梳理了语义类推与引申等其他相似相关现象之间的关系,指出语言演变的机制、规律在言语义当中表现得尤为清晰,应重视言语义的研究。This paper discusses semantic analogy caused by sense-relations in word groups.In the previous studies on semantic analogy,usually only synonymous and antonymous word groups are concerned,but actually semantic analogy also occurs in other types of word groups,such as co-hyponymous,hyponymous and thematic groups.It analyses several word groups where semantic analogy occurrs in modern Chinese,presents three psychological constraints to semantic analogy：1） structural consistency,2） relational focus,and 3） systematicity,and claims that semantic analogy is fundamentally a domain-crossing mapping,motivated by isomorphism between sense-relations of different conceptual domains.And as a prototypical category,semantic analogy involves prototypical graduality.Finally it attempts to make clear the relations between some relevant phenomena（e.g.,sense extension） and semantic analogy,and emphasizes the importance of utterance meaning,where the mechanisms and rules of language change can be clearly observed.

关 键 词：语义类推 结构投射 意义关系结构 原型 均变论 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]