农药施用健康成本及其影响因素研究——基于粮食主产区农户调研数据  

Study on the health cost of pesticide application and its determining factors:An empirical study based on afield survey of rice households in Anhui Province

作　　者：韩洪云[1] 蔡书凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院/中国农村发展研究院,杭州310029

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2011年第5期163-170,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70873108);2008"新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助";教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(2007JJD630014);国家社会科学基金重点资助项目(09AZD043)

摘　　要：为定量测度稻农施用农药的健康成本,实证分析其影响因素,本研究利用农户实地调研数据,基于疾病成本法定量测度了稻农农药施用的健康成本,应用双对数模型定量分析其影响因素。研究发现,样本农户农药施用的健康成本为74.46元/(年.人),分别占晚稻、中稻和早稻生产成本的9.85%、9.40%和1.57%;双对数模型实证研究发现施药者年龄、农民采取的防护措施、农药施用频次、每次花费的时间、IPM(病虫害综合防治)技术采纳程度、喷洒工具、到诊所(医院)距离以及是否是农药标签文盲等是农药施用农民健康成本的主要影响因素。为了有效降低农药施用农民的健康成本,从知识角度,应加强施药知识培训引导农户安全施药;从信息角度,应加强农药标签说明标准化管理;从科技角度,应加大高效率喷洒机械研发和补贴力度;从服务角度,应加强病虫害信息服务,同时加大IPM知识的扩散;从财政支持的角度,应加大国家对相关项目服务的补助力度。The study focuses on quantitative measurement of the sample rice farmers＇ health cost of the pesticide application and an empirical analysis of its influencing factors by using the method of COl and econometrics model for data analysis. It is shown that the health cost of pesticide application is as high as RMB 74.46 per year per farmer which takes up 9.85% ,9.40% and 1.57% of the total cultivating costs for late rice, middle-season rice and early rice respectively. The study of a double logarithmic model found that the age of sprayer, protective facilities, number of pesticides application and times,IPM,spraying tools,distance to clinic （hospital） and pesticide label illiteracy are the main factors affecting farmers＇ health cost. It is concluded that in order to effectively reduce farmers＇ health cost of pesticide use, from the knowledge point of view, more training programs should be designed for farmers to increase their awareness of pesticide risks~ from the information point of view, the standardized management of pesticide label directions should be improved;from a technological point of view, the development of high efficiency of spraying tools and the intensity of subsidies should be enhanced^from the service point of view,pest and disease information services should be strengthened, meanwhile, the spread of I PM knowledge should be promoted; from the financial support point of view, the intensity of subsidies for related project services should be strengthened.

关 键 词：农药 水稻生产 健康成本 农药暴露 疾病成本法 

分 类 号：X954[环境科学与工程—安全科学]