卟啉纳米组装与生物传感  

Nanoassembly and Biosensing of Porphyrins

作　　者：屠闻文[1] 雷建平[1] 鞠熀先[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学化学化工学院生命分析化学国家重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第10期2113-2118,共6页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.20821063;20875044;21075060)资助

摘　　要：卟啉是一类重要的有机共轭分子,可以模拟许多酶的活性中心。一系列卟啉仿生酶已被合成,并用于模拟生物蛋白酶的催化活性,包括平面卟啉、栅栏卟啉、扩展环卟啉和三元环卟啉。在生物体内,许多金属蛋白酶经常自组装成纳米尺度的超分子结构来实现其基本的生物催化作用。卟啉可以通过共价或者非共价作用有序组装在纳米材料上,实现其模拟金属蛋白酶的功能。金属卟啉是良好的电子媒介体,对生命过程相关小分子的氧化还原具有较好的电催化活性。因此,金属卟啉纳米组装形成的纳米材料复合物可用于新型电化学生物传感器的构建。基于卟啉纳米材料复合物的光物理和光化学性质构建的新型光电化学生物传感平台已用于生物分子的检测。本文主要从卟啉仿生酶的合成、有序纳米组装和卟啉纳米复合物的生物传感进行评述,为构建新型电化学和光电化学传感器提供有用信息。Porphyrins are important classes of conjugated organic molecules,which could mimic the active site of many important enzymes.A series of porphyrin molecules,such as planar porphyrin,picket-fence porphyrin,macroporphyrin and triphyrin,have been synthesized to mimic the catalytic activity of biological protein.Many metalloprotein enzymes usually self-assemble in vivo to form nanosized supermolecular structure to realize their biocatalysis.The order nanoassembly of porphyrins on nanomaterials by covalent or noncovalent way can mimic metalloprotein enzymes and realize their functions.Metalloporphyrins have been well used as electron transfer mediators and exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction or oxidation of many small molecules related to life process.Thus,the nanocomposites of metalloporphyrin-nanomaterials have been good candidates to construct novel electrochemical biosensors.Meanwhile,owing to the good photophysical and photochemical properties,the nanocomposites of metalloporphyrin-nanomaterials have also been employed to develop novel photoelectrochemical biosensing platforms for detection of biomolecules.In this review,the systhysis and nanoassembly of porphyrins,and biosensing application of the formed nanocomposite are highlighted to provide the reference information for the development of novel electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors.

关 键 词：卟啉 纳米材料 组装 电化学 光电化学 生物传感 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学] TP212.3[理学—化学]