电动汽车充放电特性及其对配电系统的影响分析  

Charging and discharging characteristics of electric vehicles as well as their impacts on distribution systems

作　　者：王辉[1] 文福拴[1] 辛建波[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学电气工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [2]江西省电力科学研究院,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期17-24,共8页Journal of North China Electric Power University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(200805610020);江西省电力公司科研项目

摘　　要：随着电动汽车技术特别是电池技术的发展和一些发达国家在政策方面的大力支持,电动汽车在最近几年得到快速发展。大量电动汽车的广泛应用肯定会对电力系统尤其是配电系统产生影响,因此就很有必要研究电动汽车充电时的需求特性和电动汽车接入网络(Vehicle to Grid,V2G)时的放电容量曲线。在此背景下,采用蒙特卡洛仿真方法首先对此问题做了研究,之后分析了电动汽车单向无序充电和V2G下对系统负荷、网损和电压的影响。最后,以美国PG&E 69节点配电系统为例,通过仿真分析了在不同的电动汽车渗透率下,电动汽车单向无序充电和V2G方式下对系统负荷、网损和电压的影响。计算结果表明:在电动汽车渗透率较高的情况下,无序充电会对配电系统的安全与经济运行带来比较明显的影响甚至挑战,而合理的充放电管理则可以改善这种状况。With the policy support in developed countries and advances in electric vehicle technologies, especially high energy and power density batteries, the penetration level of electric vehicles （EV） in a power system associated is expected to grow rapidly. The large-scale deployment of electric vehicles will have significant impacts on the power system, especially the distribution system associated. The Monte Carlo simulation method is first utilized to study the charging toad in the uncoordinated charging mode and the discharging capacity curve in the vehicle-to-grid （V2G） mode. Then, the impacts in terms of the load profile, power losses and voltage deviations are analyzed in both the uncoordinated charging mode and the V2G mode. Finally, the PG＆E 69-node distribution system is employed to study the charging and discharging impacts on this system from aspects such as the load profile, power losses, voltage deviations under several EV penetration level scenarios. Simulation results indicate that the uncoordinated charging at a high EV penetration level will pose great pressures on the distribution system and that reasonable management of the charging and discharging of EVs will be helpful for improving the secure and economic operation of the distribution system.

关 键 词：电动汽车 配电系统 电动汽车接入网络 充电负荷特性 放电容量曲线 蒙特卡洛仿真 

分 类 号：TM641[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]