不同时期水分亏缺对高产大豆植株地上部分生长的影响  

Effect of Water Deficit in Different Period on Aerial Part Growth of High-yield Soybean Plant

作　　者：沈融[1] 章建新[1] 苏广禄[1] 邵长贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2011年第4期297-301,共5页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060179)

摘　　要：以吉育60为试验材料,在田间研究了W1(6月11日、7月4日、7月23日、8月18日灌水),W2(6月11日、7月23日、8月18日灌水)、W3(6月11日、7月4日、8月18日灌水)、W4(6月11日、7月4日、7月23日灌水)4种水分处理对春大豆株高、叶面积指数、光合势、叶绿素含量以及干物质分配和产量的影响。结果表明,W2和W3处理显著降低叶绿素含量,其中W2的降幅更大。W2和W3处理大幅度降低大豆生育中期和后期的叶面积指数和光合势,降幅表现为W2>W3>W4;水分亏缺增加生育后期向叶柄和荚壳干物质的分配比率,减少叶片的干物质分配比率,花荚期水分亏缺大幅度降低籽粒的干物质分配比率,鼓粒期水分亏缺籽粒的干物质分配比率略增;花荚期水分亏缺的减产幅度大于鼓粒期。花荚期水分充足供应,鼓粒期适度亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水分利用效率。The effects of four water treatments including W1（irrigated on June 11,July 4,July 23,August 18）,W2（irrigated on June 11,July 23,August 18,irrigated）,W3（irrigated on June 11,July 4,August 18,W4（irrigated on June 11,July 4,July 23 irrigated） on plant height,leaf area index,photosynthetic potentical,chlorophyll content and material distribution and yield of spring soybean were studied by use of Jiyr 60 for test materials,among which that of W2 has been reduced more greatly,the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of W2 and W3 processing in soybean growth middle and later period greatly reduced,whose expression was as follows：W2W3W4;Water deficit increases distribution ration of dry matter of petiole and pod husk in growth later period and reduces distribution ratio of dry matter of leaf.Therefore,water deficit can greatly reduce distribution ratio of dry matter of the soybean kernel in podding period.The water deficit in pod-filling period can slightly increase distribution ratio of dry matter of soybean kernel.In podding period it can greatly reduce yield compared with that in pod-filling period.When water is sufficiently supplied in podding period and moderate deficit irrigation can improve irrigation water efficiently.

关 键 词：大豆 亏缺灌溉 叶面积指数 干物质分配 产量 

分 类 号：S565.107.1[农业科学—作物学]