走廊-前室缓冲区在建筑火灾中的可行性分析  

Feasibility analysis on "corridor-atria buffer" in smoke control of high-rise building fire

作　　者：张威[1,2] 何嘉鹏[1,2] 李静娴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设与安全工程学院,南京210009 [2]江苏省城市与工业安全重点实验室,南京210009

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2011年第9期11-17,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(编号:BK2008369)

摘　　要：高层建筑火灾中,随着机械加压送风研究的深入,发现其存在着一些缺陷。于是提出在走廊段设置"走廊-前室缓冲区"的方式来改善传统正压送风模式。其完整设想是在前室前设置一段无烟区,通过防烟空气幕作为柔性隔断划分缓冲段和走廊段,并且在空气幕前设置排烟口,排出多余的新鲜空气,从而避免影响火场的机械排烟效率。采用Fire Dynamic Simulation(FDS)场模拟软件模拟高层建筑不同走廊模型。针对条形走廊、L形走廊、环形走廊建筑是否设置缓冲区进行模拟,比较其温度场,浓度场,以及各自排烟效果。结果显示,"走廊-前室缓冲区"的设置能较好的适用于不同的走廊模型,改善传统正压送风模式,便于火灾时人员疏散,而且其机械效率都有显著提高,保证走廊内烟气的及时排出。In the fire of high-rise building, with the deeply been present. For instance, smoke may accumulate before research on pressurization air supply, some flaws have atria, affecting the evacuation visibility; if the door of atria is closed, the evacuation of vulnerable groups are hard to open the door to escape ; in addition, if the fresh air spread from atria to the corridor, efficiency of smoke extraction will be affected. So ＂corridor-atria buffer＂ was pro- posed to improve the traditional pressurizing air supply system, which was set between atria and corridor. A com- plete setting of ＂corridor-atria buffer＂ was hoped to give a no-smoke zone, where air curtain was considered to di- vide the corridor and atria as a partition, which the horizontal flow was replaced by vertical flow; and the air outlet was used before air curtain to let the smoke and excessive fresh air out. And Fire Dynamic Simulation （FDS）was applied to simulate the different model of high-rise fire. The buffer was simulated in straight corridor, L-shaped cor- ridor and ring-shaped corridor respectively, from which temperature field and concentration field were compared, as well as their own smoke efficiency. The results reflected that the setting of buffer can be better applied to the differ- ent corridor models, improved conventional one, which not only is easy for people to evacuation, also increase the efficiency of smoke extraction significantly to ensure that the smoke is let out in corridor timely.

关 键 词：烟气控制 数值模拟 缓冲区 通风 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]