石羊河下游沙地退耕地植被演替与土壤水分调控研究  

Vegetation succession and soil moisture control of abandoned sandy ploughed-lands in lower reaches of Shiyang River

作　　者：李昌龙 尉秋实[2] 柴成武[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省民勤荒漠荸场野外定位观测研究站,民勤733300 [2]甘肃省荒漠化防治重点实验室,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省治沙研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2011年第9期116-121,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAD46B04);公益性科研院所专项资金项目(CAFYBB200700X)资助

摘　　要：对区域植被演替规律的研究,特别是破坏生态系统自然修复与植被重建的过程和机理的研究,是植被管理、改造和修复的重要依据,具有重要的理论和实际意义。以石羊河流域下游不同退耕年代沙地退耕地植被为对象,利用重要值和相似性理论研究了植被演替规律以及与土壤水分变化。结果表明:沙地退耕地植被群落主要由骆驼蒿+芦苇+蒙山莴苣群落→骆驼蒿+沙引草+花花柴群落→骆驼蒿+苦豆子+黄花矶松群落演替。土壤水分是退耕地群落演替的驱动因子,受农田前期灌溉土壤储备水分的影响,田间顽固性杂草是沙地退耕地植被恢复的先锋物种,随着土壤水分逐渐减少,逐渐被耐旱性物种替代,最终被依靠天然降水维持生存的强耐旱性物种替代,群落趋向稳定。多年生草本是群落演替的主体,骆驼蒿种群为整个演替过程中的优势种,植被演替则反映在亚优势种群的演替,而一年生草本受控于降水的多少以及其分配格局,并非是沙地退耕地植被恢复的先锋物种,随着雨季的到来,则出现在群落演替的各个阶段。The studies which provided the important basis for vegetation management,transformation and rehabilitation on vegetation succession,especially process and mechanism of natural rehabilitation and vegetation reconstruction in destroyed ecosystems had important significance in theory and in practice.Succession and soil moisture change of abandoned sandy ploughed lands in lower reaches of shiyang river were studied based on important value and similarity coefficient.The results showed that the communities of abandoned sandy ploughed lands rehabilitated from the community of Peganum nigellastrum＋ Phragmites communis＋Lactuca tatarica to the community of Peganum nigellastrum＋ Messerschmidia ＋ Karelinia caspica,and lastly to the community of Peganum nigellastrum＋Sophora japonica＋Limonium aureum.Soil moisture was important influence factor for vegetation succession of sandy abandoned ploughed lands,the intractable weeds in farmland were pioneer plants with the influence of the soil moisture from prophase irrigation,the intractable weeds were substituted by the drought enduring plants with the soil moisture reducing gradually,and lastly substituted by the strong drought enduring plants which depended on savageness rainfall,the community was stable.Perennial herbages were principal part of vegetation succession,the species Peganum nigellastrum was dominant plant among process of vegetation succession,the law of vegetation succession was showed by the change of sub-dominant species,but annual herbages were not pioneer plants of vegetation succession because which were influenced by the rainfall and its distributive pattern,the annual herbages should abundantly present on the every phase of vegetation rehabilitation if the rainfall was richness.

关 键 词：石羊河下游 沙地退耕地 植被演替 水分调控 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]