2009年青海省饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析  

Analysis of surveillance results of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis in Qinghai province in 2009

作　　者：魏生英[1] 何多龙[1] 丁萍[1] 蒲光兰[1] 鲁青[1] 杨萍[1] 周珉 韩武 谭岱峰 席国兴[5] 蒲文权 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所氟(砷)中毒预防控制科,西宁811602 [2]青海省贵德县疾病预防控制中心地方病科 [3]:青海省化隆县疾病预防控制中心地方病科 [4]青海省湟源县疾病预防控制中心地方病科 [5]青海省平安县疾病预防控制中心地方病科 [6]青海省民和县疾病预防控制中心地方病科

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2011年第5期542-545,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：基金项目：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2008）

摘　　要：目的掌握青海省饮水型地方性氟中毒病情变化和防治措施落实效果，为防治工作提供依据。方法2009年，采用单纯随机抽样方法选择6个监测县，每个县根据历史资料将病区村分成轻、中、重3个类型。每个类型抽取1个病区村作为监测村。在已改水病区村采集出厂水1份和末梢水3份，在未改水病区村按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各采集1份水样，水氟测定按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB／T5750—2006）。对监测村全部8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查，氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法。对监测村全部16岁以上常住人口进行临床氟骨症检查，选择其中2个村，对有临床氟骨症症状的成人进行X线氟骨症检查，氟骨症诊断采用地方性氟骨症诊断标准（WS192—2008）。每个监测村采集儿童尿样30份、成人尿样20份，采用尿中氟化物的测定离子选择电极法（WS／T89—2006）检测尿氟。结果6个县18个病区村中，14个村已落实改水项目，改水率为77．78％（14／18），其中5个改水工程供水正常、9个间歇供水；共检测水样75份，水氟均值为0．48mg／L。8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为31．95％（285／892）；16岁以上人群临床氟骨症检出率为36．55％（1570／4295），x线氟骨症检出率为25．64％（20／78）。共检测儿童尿样571份，尿氟几何均数为1．04mg／L；共检测成人尿样370份，尿氟几何均数为1．52mg／L。结论青海省饮水型氟中毒流行仍然较为严重，改水防氟措施应进一步加强和完善。Objective To investigate the development trend of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis in Qinghai province, and to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods In 2009, six monitoring counties were chosen by using simple random sampling methods, all diseased villages of the six monitoring counties were classified into light, moderate and severe disease types according to water fluorine content on the historical data, and 1 village was respectively chosen from each type. In monitoring villages with improved water, 3 tap water and one source water samples were collected, respectively. Five water samples were collected randomly in water unimproved monitoring villages according to water well locations of east, west, south, north and center. The fluorine content in water and urine was determined according to the ＂Standard Testing Methods for Drinking Water＂ （GB/T 5750-2006）. Children aged 8 to 12 were examined for dental fluorosis by Dean method. Clinical osteofluorosis of all the resident over the age of 16 was examined, 2 village of these counties were randomly selected, and clinically diagnosed patients with skeletal fluorosis were examined again by X-ray using ＂Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis＂ （WS 192-2008）. Urine sample of 30 children aged 8 to 12 and of 20 adults over the age of 16 were randomly collected and urinary fluoride was determined by F-ion selective electrode method （WS/T 89-2006）. Results Improving water projects had been implemented in 14 monitoring villages of the 18 villages in 6 counties, the rate of improved-water was 77.78% （14/18）. Among the 14 projects, 5 improved-waterprojects ran normally, and 9 projects ran with intermittently water supply. Seventy-five water samples were tested, the mean of water fluoride was 0.48 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 31.95% （285/892）, that of clinical skeletal fluorosis was 36.55% （1570/4295） and the X-ray detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 25.64% （20/78）.

关 键 词：氟化物中毒 氟中毒 牙 氟骨症 数据收集 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]