广西人造宝石加工业流动女工职业健康危害现况调查  

Occupational health status of migrant female workers of artificial gem manufacturing cottages in Guangxi

作　　者：王超英 王芳[2] 王惠明 陈润阶 俞文兰[3] 

机构地区：[1]广西职业病防治研究院,南宁530021 [2]广西梧州市疾病预防控制中心 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2011年第9期646-649,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国际合作GE项目

摘　　要：目的了解广西人造宝石加工业流动女工职业健康危害状况，为制定保护宝石家庭作坊式加工业流动女工职业健康对策提供参考依据。方法采用中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所统一制定的女工职业健康调查问卷，选择广西梧州市从事人造宝石加工的2095名流动女工进行问卷调查。结果广西人造宝石加工以家庭作坊、农民工为主，作业场所的卫生设施简陋，存在的主要职业性危害因素有粉尘、噪声、氢氟酸、局部微小振动。流动女工平均年龄为30岁，平均职业工龄为5年，文化程度比较低，未受到职业健康监护；以腰背痛、眼睛不适、头痛头晕的主诉症状为主，且发生率随着工龄的增长而增高。结论广西人造宝石加工业职业卫生防护措施及职业健康监护未能得到有效的实施。需要加强宣传教育及管理，将家庭作坊纳入职业卫生监管体系。Objective To investigate occupational health status in migrant female workers in artificial gem cottages in Guangxi and to provide reference evidence for drawing up countermeasures to protect migrant female workers from occupational hazards. Methods Two thousands and ninety five migrant female workers in artificial gem manufacturing cottages in Wuzhou City, Guangxi Province, were randomly recruited to participate in the investigation. The standardized occupational health questionnaires were used to collect the information of demographic characteristics, occupational exposure and medical symptoms by interviewing with persons. Results Artificial gem manufacturing cottages in Wuzhou were mainly composed of family-workshops. There were only simple and crude hygienic facilities. Major occupational hazards included dusts, noise, vibration, hydrofluoric acid, and light stimulation. The mean age of workers was 30. Mean exposure duration was 5 years. There was no occupational health monitoring records for these workers in the past years. Major symptoms included back pain, eye discomfort, and headache. The incidence of discomfort symptoms increased with age. Conclusion Occupational health protection and monitoring in artificial gem manufacturing cottage, in Guangxi have not been performed. More effective occupational health education and administration need to implement in family-type handicraft manufacturing.

关 键 词：职业流动性 妇女卫生保健服务 职业卫生 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]