某省电子行业流动女工职业健康和生殖健康状况调查  

The occupational and procreation health of immigrant female workers in electron factory

作　　者：范昭宾[1] 邹建芳[1] 白金[1] 于功昌[1] 张兴旭[1] 马海华 程清摸 王善鹏 季福玲[4] 俞文兰[5] 

机构地区：[1]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,济南250013 [2]烟台开发区疾病预防控制中心 [3]富康工业集团烟台厂园区 [4]青岛市疾病预防控制中心 [5]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2011年第9期661-664,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的调查电子行业流动女工职业健康和生殖健康状况。方法选择电子行业流动女工作为调查对象，填写个人调查表、企业调查表。全部数据录入EpiData数据库，应用SPSS17．0统计软件进行分析。结果共发放问卷2000份，回收问卷1971份，有效问卷回收率为98．6％。流动女工平均年龄（21．1±3．9）岁；小于16岁为实习工，占1．32％；16～18岁为实习工或未成年工，占19．04％；30岁以下占95．31％。从事本行业工龄（1．1±2.2）年，未婚占89．30％，已婚占10．56％，离异占0．11％。主要职业性危害因素有氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、甲醛、盐酸、二氧化锡、三苯、正己烷、甲醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、硫酸、氮氧化物、噪声、紫外线等。现场监测中发现，波峰焊岗位苯超标，冲压、运行、铜线岗位噪声超标，曝光岗位紫外线超标。电子行业83．1％的女工每月工作超过22d，54．52％的女工每日工作超过8h，72．09％的女工需要经常加班，无工间休息者占27．92％。工效学方面：63．86％的女工需要长期重复单调动作，41．8％的女工需要连续站立工作，13．46％的女工需要搬动重物。流动女工腰酸背痛占29．60％。15．99％的流动女工发生过意外伤害。失眠、多梦占21．21％，听力减退占17．49％，头痛、头晕占15．00％。月经周期异常发生率为5．71％，痛经发生率为25．11％，淤血发生率为8．91％。生殖系统疾病前四位主要为盆腔炎、子宫附件炎、宫颈糜烂、阴道炎。有无连续站立、有无重复动作两组痛经比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），工作时间是否大于8h、有无连续站立两组淤血情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论电子行业存在较多职业性危害因素，流动女工职业健康和生殖健康问题不容忽视。Objective To explore the occupational and reproductive health problems of migrant female workers in electron factory. Methods A total number of 2000 female migrant workers were randomly sampled from three electronic factories for the study. All were investigated by questionnaire and data were input to Epi- Data 3.0 data base,SPSS17.0 statistical software and analyzed by Chi-square test. Results 1971 complete questionnaires were received, the recovery rate reached over 98.6%.The average age of interviewees is （21.1 ±3.9） years. Junior employee between 16 and 18 years accounted for 19.04%. The average working age was （1.1±2.2） years and about 90% were single including 0.11% of them were divorced.The main occupational hazards were： sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate, formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid, stannic anhydride, benzene analogues, n-hexane methanol, glycol isopropanol, sulphuric acid,nitric oxide,noise, ultraviolet radiation, etc. Workplace monitoring indicated that benzene and noise levels and ultraviolet radiation were over the national OEL at fewer worksites. More than 50% female workers worked over 8 hours per day and 83% of them worked 22 days per month. The ergonomic problems： 63.86% of them worked with tedious repetitiveness and monotonous job task. About 42% of them need to be continuously with standing posture. As a consequence, there were 30% workers complain about LBP, 21% had experienced work injury; 15%-18% had some non-specific discomfort, such as insomnia, dysacusis, dizzy and headache .The incidence rate of reproductive system such as abnoruaal menstrual cycle （5.71%）, dysmenorrhea （25.11%）, congestion （8.91%）, etc. The first four reproductive system disease were pelvic inflammation, adnexitis,cervical erosion,and vaginitis. There are significant differences between continuous and temporary standing work, and repeated and unrepeated job action in terms of dysmenorrheal and congestion related-discomfort （P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are many occupational hazards in el

关 键 词：职业流动性 妇女卫生保健服务 职业卫生 生殖 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]