晚清民国时期的水压机及其对兵器工业的影响  

The Influence of Hydraulic Presses on the Ordnance Industry in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

作　　者：孙烈[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2011年第3期372-380,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国机械工程学会科研基金(2006专题);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(项目编号:GZ01-07-01)

摘　　要：水压机自工业革命后成为一种重要的压力加工机器。《博物新编》是最早介绍相关的原理、结构及功用的中文读物。李鸿章等人意识到水压机的重要用途,江南制造局等洋务企业引进数台水压机,主要用于兵工。民国时期水压机的数量和性能落后于兵工发展的实际需要,大型水压机的缺乏已成为制造重型武器或大型机器设备的技术瓶颈之一。晚清、民国时期,装备制造业等基础工业部门相对薄弱,制约了兵器工业的发展。The principle, structure and use of the hydraulic press were first introduced in China in the Bowu Xinbian, edited by Benjamin Hobson. During the Late Qing Dynasty, as Li Hongzhang and others recognized their importanee, hydraulic presses were imported for arms manufacture in arsenals, such as the Jiangnan Arsenal. During the Republic of China, the quantity and performance of the presses were barely adequate for the development of the ordnance industry, the lack of big presses becoming one of stumbling--blocks for the production of heavy weapons and machines. The weakness of such basic industries was a major factor constraining the technological development of China＇s ordnance industry at that time.

关 键 词：水压机 晚清 民国 兵器工业 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] T-092[一般工业技术]