幼龄楸树生长、生理和形态性状的遗传变异  

Genetic Variation in Growth,Physiological and Morphological Traits of Catalpa bungei

作　　者：张宋智 王军辉[2] 贠慧玲 马建伟 李银梅 李春兰 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所,天水741022 [2]国家林业局林木培育重点实验室(中国林业科学研究院林业研究所)

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2011年第10期4-8,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑课题(2006BAD24B08);农业成果转化资金项目(2008GB24320414)资助

摘　　要：通过对幼龄楸树无性系生长、生理和形态性状的遗传变异分析,探讨楸树早期选择指标,并进行楸树优良无性系的选择。结果表明:1年生楸树无性系间树高存在显著差异,地径不存在差异,而2～4年生楸树无性系间树高、胸径均存在极显著差异。2年生叶部各性状无性系间均存在极显著的差异,3年生皮孔各性状无性系间均存在极显著的差异。3年生树高、胸径与氮呈正显著相关,与钙呈显著负相关,而与磷、镁相关性不显著,楸树所含营养元素质量分数从高到低为氮>钾>磷,钙>镁。楸树生长期每天生长量与速生期每天生长量都与树高、胸径呈极显著相关。速生期内的苗高、地径生长量占总生长量的比率分别为57.7%、57.8%。生长性状与单株叶面积间呈现出极显著的正相关;树高与叶间距(茎单元长度)呈极显著正相关。皮孔面积、比叶重与树高、胸径呈极显著负相关。以树高和胸径为主要指标,综合考虑其它性状,按20%入选率,初选表现优良的6个无性系。树高遗传增益达到14.0%,胸径遗传增益达到12.3%。Early selection indexes of growth, physiological and morphological traits of Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey were discussed and excellent clones were selected. A significant difference in seedling height and no significant difference in ground diameter were observed between one-year-old clones, while highly significant differences in seedling height and diameter of breastheight （DBH） were found between twoto four-year-old Clones. There were extremely： significant differences in leaf characters between two-year-old clones and in lenticel characters between three-year-old clones Seedling height and DBH of threeyear-old clones showed significantly positive correlations with N content, significantly negative correlations with Ca content, and no significant correlation with contents P and Mg. The N content in C. bungei was the highest, followed by K, P, Ca and Mg. The daily increments during growing periods and fast growing periods were significantly correlated with seedling height and DBH, and the ratios of increment in fast growing period to the total increment were 57.7% for seedling height and 57.8% for DBH. Significantly positive correlations were observed between growth traits and leaf area of individual plants, as well as between seedling height and distance between the neighboring leaves （stem length of one unit） ; while significantly negative correlations were found between lenticel area, specific leaf weight and seedling height and DBH. Six excellent clones were selected out at a selection rate of 20% using DBH and seedling height as the main indexes. The genetic gains for seedling height and DBH were 14.0% and 12.3% respectively.

关 键 词：楸树 无性系 变异系数 重复力 遗传增益 营养元素 

分 类 号：S722.31[农业科学—林木遗传育种]