黄土高原不同下垫面小流域径流特征  

Runoff Features Under Different Underlying Surfaces at a Typical Watershed in Loess Plateau,China

作　　者：李慧敏[1] 张建军[1] 徐佳佳[1] 王清玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2011年第10期90-93,113,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1204);日本住友财团研究助成(083085)

摘　　要：针对黄土高原水土流失异常严重的问题,利用山西吉县蔡家川小流域多年来的降雨径流数据,将刘家凹流域(多木流域)与井沟流域(少林流域)的径流总量及影响径流的各因素做统计分析,且将两流域的各参数进行比较分析。结果表明,少林流域6 a间的平均径流深是多林流域的3.21倍,即森林植被覆盖率越小,流域径流量越大。降雨量增加时,径流量也随之增大,少林流域的径流量与降雨量回归方程斜率为多林流域的1.82倍。蔡家川小流域的主要雨型为A型短时局地雷暴雨,A型降雨条件下两流域径流深的主要影响因子为降雨量降雨量,B型降雨条件下两流域的径流深均与降雨量和60 min最大雨强的组合(乘积)相关性较强,线性拟合度均在0.7以上。Soil erosion is a very severe problem in Loess Plateau. The total amount of runoff and factors affecting runoff were analyzed with the data of rainfall-runoff for a few years at Caijiaehuan Watershed of Jixian, Shanxi Province. The parameters for each watershed were compared in order to provide references for the study of the reasons for ecological environment changes and water and soil erosion as well as the establishment of hydrological models. Results indicated that the average runoff depth in the watershed with less forest cover during 2001-2009 was 2.21 times greater than that in the watershed with more forest cover. The runoff in the watersheds increased with decreasing vegetation cover, and also with inereasing rainfall. The slope of the regression equation between rainfall and runoff depth in the watershed with less forest cover was 0. 82 times higher than that in the watershed with more forest cover. The main type of rainfall in the experimental watersheds was A-type, namely localized and short-lived thunderstorms. Under A-type rainfall, the main factors affecting runoff in each watershed was rainfall. And under B-type rainfall, the runoff depth was closely correlated with the product of rainfall and the maximum sixty-minute rainfall intensity, and the linear fit both reached over 0.7.

关 键 词：径流 不同下垫面 降雨 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]