黄河口滨海湿地水质污染物现状研究  

Water pollution of Yellow River estuary coastal wetland

作　　者：刘峰[1,2] 李秀启[1] 董贯仓[1] 秦玉广[1] 陈有光[1] 王志忠[1] 王芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省淡水水产研究所,山东济南250013 [2]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2011年第10期1705-1710,共6页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业专项(200805070;200905009-5)

摘　　要：于2009年5月(枯水期)、8月(丰水期)和11月(平水期)在黄河入海口滨海湿地典型水域选取14个调查站点采集水样,测定水体营养盐、重金属、石油类等22项污染指标,采用内梅罗指数和综合营养状态指数评价法对水质污染现状进行研究和评价.结果表明,滨海湿地整体水质属于轻度富营养化水平,并呈现逐年加剧趋势.湿地湖泊、黄河故道、国家自然保护区、养殖池塘等静态水域污染较轻,以广利河、挑河、神仙沟、小岛河、孤东油田排涝沟为代表的支流水体污染较重,明显超过黄河主干河道.调查发现滨海湿地水体主要污染物为TN、TP、石油烃、Hg、NH4+-N、UIA和Chl-a等.与历史数据对比,湿地水体氮磷污染明显加剧,石油烃和Hg污染未见显著增长,其他重金属含量均未超标,整体水质污染形势不容乐观.14 representative water-sample sites were selected around the coastal wetland of Yellow River Estuary and three times surveys were carried out on May（dry period）,August（wet period） and November（level period）,respectively.22 pollution indexes such as nutritive salt,heavy metal,petroleum etc.were measured.The pollution status was assessed with Nemero Index and comprehensive nutritional status index（TLI）.The results showed that the water quality of coastal wetland was light eutrophication and deteriorated with each passing year.The slight pollution sites were found at wetland lakes,Yellow River old course,the national nature reserve,culture ponds and other static state water area,whereas the tributaries like Guangli River,Tiao River,Shenxiangou River,Xiaodao River and Gudong oil fields drainage ditch were serious polluted which were more serious polluted than the Yellow River.TN,TP,NH4＋-N,UIA,Chl-a and petroleum were main pollutants at coastal wetland.As for the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus,comparing with historical data,deteriorated significantly.The whole water quality was not optimistic in Yellow River estuary,although no significantly increase of petroleum pollutants and Hg pollution and no detection of other heavy metals.

关 键 词：黄河口滨海湿地 水质污染 内梅罗指数 综合营养状态指数 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程]