广东省水稻生产的变动及比较优势分析  

Variations of Rice Cultivation and Its Comparative Advantage in Guangdong Province

作　　者：秦钟[1,2,3] 章家恩[1,2,3] 李韵[1,2,3] 李逸勉[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院生态学系,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点开放实验室,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2011年第5期560-564,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金："十一.五"国家科技支撑计划专题(编号:2009BADC6B007);国家环保部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201009020-04);广东现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(编号:粤农[2009]380号);广东省科技计划项目(编号:2009B020311012);广东省软科学项目(编号:2010B070300066);华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点开放实验室联合课题

摘　　要：本文分析了近30多年来广东省水稻的播种面积、产量和单产的变动趋势,并以比较优势理论为依据,运用综合比较优势指数法对广东省水稻生产的相对优势进行了研究。结果表明,广东省水稻的播种面积、总产量及在全国水稻播种面积中所占的比例均呈现下降趋势。1998-2009年间,广东省水稻的播种面积在南方13个水稻主产区中具有明显的比较优势,但水稻的单产相对较低,不具有效率优势。12年间水稻生产的平均综合优势指数为1.4626,在南方水稻主产区中位居第四。故应在保持水稻播种面积持续稳定的同时,采取多项措施,提高水稻的单产水平和综合生产能力,提升广东省水稻的比较优势和综合竞争力。Variations of rice planting area,total yield and yield per unit area in Guangdong Province during the latest three decades or more were analyzed and the comparative advantages of rice cultivation were investigated with the comprehensive advantage index based on the theory of comparative advantage.The results showed that the yearly rice sown area,total yield and its proportion in the whole national rice planting area dropped consistently.During the period of 1998 to 2009,rice sown area in Guangdong Province had an obvious comparative advantage among the thirteen main rice planting areas in China,however,rice production in Guangdong Province didn＇t take an advantage in efficiency because of a relatively low rice yield per unit area.For the past 12 years,average comprehensive advantage index of rice cultivation in Guangdong Province reached a value of 1.4626,ranking the 4th among all the main rice planting regions.Comprehensive comparative advantage and competitiveness should be strengthened by enhancing the level of rice yield per unit area and integrated production capacity,while maintaining a sustainable and stable rice sown area.

关 键 词：规模比较优势 效率比较优势 水稻生产 广东 

分 类 号：F303[经济管理—产业经济]