江苏省油菜施肥状况调查  

Fertilization of Rape Fields in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：徐华丽[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 李小坤[1] 王寅[1] 苏伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《土壤》2011年第5期746-750,共5页Soils

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05;2008BADA4B08;2006BAD21B03);教育部新世纪人才项目(NCET-07-0345);油菜现代产业技术体系建设项目(nycytx-005)资助

摘　　要：采用农户抽样调查的方法研究了2007/2008年江苏省油菜施肥状况,分析了施肥中存在的问题。结果表明,在肥料品种上,施用尿素、复合肥的农户比例>90%,单质P、K肥的比例<20%,B肥的比例仅为6.5%。全省油菜N、P、K肥总投入量分别为263、113和110 kg/hm2,N:P2O5:K2O为1:0.43:0.42,化学N、P、K肥占养分总投入量的比例分别为93.2%、63.7%、53.6%。化肥养分投入量分级结果表明,施N量>180 kg/hm2的比例为69.9%,施K量<80 kg/hm2的比例为81.5%。油菜施肥次数以施肥3次(苗肥+基肥+追肥)的比例最高,占45.8%;基施N肥用量为111.5 kg/hm2,占总施N量的比例为42.4%。施肥中存在的主要问题是:①有机肥未得到充分利用,施用量偏低;②N过多,K不足;③肥料投入不平衡。The fertilization of rape fields between 2007 and 2008 in Jiangsu Province was studied by the method of farmer investigation and the main problems in fertilization were discussed. The results showed that more than 90% of farmers applied urea or compound fertilizer, less than 20% and 6.5% of farmers applied single phosphorus or potassium fertilizer and less than 6.5% of farmers applied boron fertilizer. The average application amounts of N, P205 and K20 fertilizers were 263, 113 and 110 kg/hm2, respectively, and the ratio was of 1： 0.43： 0.42. The amounts of N, P205 and K20 from chemical resources accounted for 93.2%, 63.7% and 53.6%, respectively. 69.9% and 81.5% of farrners applied N over 180 kg/hm2 and K20 below 80 kg/hm2. The highest （45.8%） percent of fertilization time was applied in three steps （fertilizer at seeding stage ＋ basal fertilizer ＋ top-dressing）. The amount and proportion of base N fertilizer were 111.5 kg/hm2 and 42.4%, respectively. The existing questions are as followings ： firstly, manures were not fully used and their application amounts were insufficient; secondly, N fertilizer was used excessively while K fertilizer insufficient; thirdly, the inputs of various fertilizers were unbalanced.

关 键 词：油菜 施肥 农户调查 江苏省 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]