基于土地适宜性评估退耕还林还草工程的效果——以科尔沁左翼后旗吉尔嘎朗镇为例  

Evaluation on Results of Grain for Green Project in Horqin Sandy Land──A Case Study of Jilgalang Town

作　　者：郝海广[1,2] 乌兰图雅[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012 [3]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《土壤》2011年第5期828-834,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40361008)资助

摘　　要：选取科尔沁沙地典型区域为研究对象,运用遥感数据和GIS空间信息技术,基于土地的自然适宜性,对2000─2007年研究区退耕还林还草工程实施情况做出评价,并指出今后退耕任务和需要注意的问题。研究发现:退耕还林还草工程实施以来,吉尔嘎朗镇耕地明显减少,林地、草地明显增加,草地覆盖度显著提高;从7年间实际退耕还林还草方向、数量和空间分布来看,存在许多不合理的地方,主要是还林还草选择不合理,不宜耕作的土地还有很多没有退耕,实际退耕土地只占应退耕土地的28.63%;还有8 172.00 hm2土地应当逐步实现退耕,其中以退耕还林为主,占73.29%。政策方面,建议发展地区优势产业,积极推动农村富余劳动力转移就业,一方面增加农牧民家庭收入,另一方面减小人口对土地的压力,保证生态退耕工程持续见效。This study selected Jilgalang Town as the study region, evaluated the result of Grain for Green Project during 2000-2007 based on land suitability, calculated the reasonable returning area and noted the issues that should be considered in the future. The results can be concluded as follows： （1） The arable land decreased while the woodland and grassland increased obviously, and the coverage of grasslands increased significantly since the implement of Grain for Green Project. （2） There were a series of problems during the past 7 years. As for the transform trend, area and spatial distribution of related land types, some farmlands that should be returned to forests were actually returned to grasslands; besides, some farmlands that should be returned to grasslands were actually returned to forests. The actually returned farmland only accounted for 28.63% of the farmland that should be returned to forests or grasslands according to land suitability. （~） In the future, 8 172.00 hm2 farmland should be gradually returned to forests or grasslands, among which about 73.29% should be returned to forests. （3） It was extremely important to formulate and implement some reasonable follow-up policies which should take more consideration of promoting the income of farmers so as to ensure both the ecological benefits and the economic benefits of the Grain for Green Project.

关 键 词：退耕还林还草 土地利用变化 土地适宜性 效果评价 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]