密度对超高产春玉米氮素积累、运转、利用及叶片衰老的影响  

EFFECTS OF PLANTING DENSITY ON NITROGEN ACCUMULATION,OPERATION,USE AND LEAVES SENESCENCE OF SUPER-HIGH YIELD SPRING MAIZE

作　　者：王海燕[1] 高聚林[1] 王志刚[1] 于晓芳[1] 孙继颖[1] 崔超[1] 高鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期194-198,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：973计划项目(2009CB118601);国家自然科学基金项目(30660083);内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目(20080404ZD02);内蒙古农业大学玉米超高产创新团队计划

摘　　要：为阐明种植密度对春玉米植株氮素积累、运转、利用与叶片衰老的影响,选用不同穗型超高产春玉米品种浚单20(高秆大穗型)和内单314(中秆中穗型),通过测定不同生育时期叶片的SPAD值、光合速率(Pn)和植株各器官的氮含量,研究4种种植密度(7.5,9.0,10.5和12.0万株/hm2)对不同穗型春玉米植株器官氮素及叶片衰老的影响。结果表明,两穗型品种叶片和茎鞘的氮素积累量随着密度的增加呈现降低的趋势,而氮素运转率和贡献率正好相反;在高密度条件下,氮运转率较高,叶片和茎鞘中的氮被过多的运转,削弱了营养器官的光合特性,加速植株的衰老;随着密度的增加,产量和氮素利用效率呈现增加的趋势,而氮素吸收效率和氮收获指数呈先增加后降低的趋势;两穗型品种的氮收获指数均在10.5万株/hm2时最大。In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen accumulation,operation,use and leaves senescence.The test was carried out in order to study the effects of planting densities（75000,9000,105000 and 120000 plants hm 2）on nitrogen content of plant organ and leaves senescence of super-high-yield spring maize varieties Xundan 20（high stalk and large spike） and Neidan 314（middle stalk and middle spike）,determinating the SPAD value、photosynthetic rate（Pn） ands nitrogen content of plant organs in different growth periods.The results showed that the nitrogen content of leaves and stems of the two cultivars increased with the increasing density,but the N translocation rate and N contribution rate was opposite;The N translocation rate is so high that the nitrogen of leaf and stalk is too much operated,weakening the photosynthetic characteristics of vegetative organs,accelerating the aging of plant under high density condition.Along with the increase of density,yield and nitrogen use efficiency increased,and N absorption efficiency and nitrogen harvest index increased in the beginning,and then became lower.The nitrogen harvest index is largest in 105000plants hm-2 planting density of two spike cultivars.

关 键 词：超高产 春玉米 密度 氮素 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]