昆虫对降雨和干旱的响应与适应  

Responses of insects to rainfall and drought

作　　者：党志浩[1] 陈法军[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系,南京210095

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2011年第5期1161-1169,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家重点基础发展规划"973项目"(2010CB126200);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(200903051);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项课题(2009ZX08011-007B;2009ZX08012-005B;2011ZX08012-005);教育部霍英东基金(122033)

摘　　要：水分因子在昆虫的生长发育及其整个生活史中起着至关重要的作用。降雨作为改变环境水分的方式之一,其机械冲刷作用对昆虫具有直接的致死效应,并影响昆虫的生长发育、繁殖及其产卵和取食行为等;干旱作为降雨减少导致的极端环境形式,不仅对昆虫生理产生直接影响,而且还会通过影响寄主植物而间接作用于昆虫;同时,干旱还会改变同一寄主植物上昆虫之间的种间关系,导致群落多样性和稳定性的变化以及种群演替的发生。本文综述了气候变化背景下降雨和干旱对昆虫生长发育和繁殖的影响,并介绍了迁飞型昆虫、群居型昆虫、土壤害虫等对降雨和干旱的行为反应;此外,还详细介绍了昆虫对降雨和干旱的适应对策(包括对水分因子的行为适应对策、滞育和迁飞对策等),并建议利用环境水分(尤其是土壤水分)调控措施(如人工降雨和灌溉等)来防治农业害虫。The moisture factor plays an important role in the growth,development and fecundity of insects.Rainfall can directly kill insects through mechanical scouring.Drought affects insects＇ physiology both directly,and also indirectly through its effects on host plants,for example,altering inter-specific interactions among insects on same host plants thereby changing the diversity and stability of the insect community and population succession.This paper summarizes the effects of rainfall and drought on the growth,development and fecundity of insects under conditions of global climate change,and provides an introduction to the behavioral responses of migratory and gregarious insects,and soil insect pests to rainfall and drought.The strategies insects use to cope with rainfall and drought are described in detail,including behavioral adaptations,and the tactics of diapause and migration etc.Artificial regulation of environmental moisture,especially soil moisture,（e.g.,artificial rainfall and irrigation etc.） is suggested as a means of controlling agricultural insect pests.

关 键 词：昆虫 降雨 干旱 行为反应 适应对策 害虫防治 气候变化 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]