水稻品种与氮肥施用水平对田间褐飞虱发生的影响  

Effects of rice varieties and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the occurrence of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens under field conditions

作　　者：江涛[1] 赵俊玲[1] 程建军[1] 徐帅[1] 苏文[1] 包善微 刘芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225009 [2]江苏如皋农业技术推广中心,如皋226500

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2011年第5期1359-1368,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803003)

摘　　要：于2010年在田间条件下研究了水稻品种和氮肥施用水平(250kg/hm2有效氮,125kg/hm2有效氮及不施氮肥的处理)对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)发生的影响。结果表明,8月10日—9月10日期间,南粳44、宁粳1号、丙123、淮稻9号4个水稻品种上褐飞虱虫量显著低于感虫对照TN1上虫量;9月20日—9月30日,南粳44上的褐飞虱虫量显著高于宁粳1号、丙123、淮稻9号上的虫量。8月20—10月10日期间,氮肥施用水平高的水稻上褐飞虱虫量最高,低氮处理水稻上的虫量次之,不施氮肥水稻上的虫量最少。水稻品种与氮肥施用水平的交互作用对褐飞虱发生的影响不明显。南粳44等4个粳稻品种植株内抗虫物质草酸、类黄酮的含量未显著高于感虫对照TN1,取食不同水稻品种的褐飞虱虫体游离氨基酸含量无显著差异,表明不同水稻品种间虫量不同与草酸、类黄酮的含量以及褐飞虱虫体游离氨基酸的含量不相关。高氮处理水稻植株上草酸、类黄酮含量最低,低氮处理的次之,不施氮肥的对照最高;在高氮处理植株上褐飞虱虫体中甘氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸5种游离氨基酸含量显著高于在未施氮肥植株上的褐飞虱。由此推测高氮植株中草酸、类黄酮含量低以及取食高氮植株褐飞虱虫体中甘氨酸等5种游离氨基酸的含量显著提高是导致高氮植株上褐飞虱虫量偏高的重要原因。The effects of rice varieties and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the occurrence of the brown planthopper（BPH）,Nilaparvata lugens（Stl）,were studied under field conditions in 2010.The results indicate that the abundance of BPH on the rice varieties Nanjing 44,Ningjing 1hao,Bing 123 and Huaidao 9hao were significantly lower than that on TN1 during August 10 to September 10.The abundance of BPH on Nanjing 44 was significantly higher than on Ningjing 1hao,Bing 123 and Huaidao 9hao during September 20 to 30.The abundance of BPH on rice plants treated with 250 kg /hm2 effective nitrogen was the highest,whereas that on rice crops with no nitrogen treatment was the lowest.The interaction between rice variety and nitrogen fertilizer application rate had little effect on the occurrence of BPH.The amounts of oxalic acid and flavonoids in Nanjing 44,Ningjing 1hao,Bing 123 and Huaidao 9hao were not significantly higher than those in TN1,and no significant difference in the amount of free amino acids in BPH feeding on these different rice varieties was found.Therefore,the relatively high abundance of BPH on TN1 was not related to oxalic acid or flavonoid levels in rice plants,or to the amount of free amino acids in the insects＇ bodies.The amount of oxalic acid and flavonoids in rice plants increased with nitrogen fertilizer application rate.The amounts of glycine,valine,isoleucine,leucine and lysine in BPH feeding on rice plants with high nitrogen application were significantly higher than those to feeding on plants to which no nitrogen fertilizer had been applied.These results suggest that the relatively high abundance of BPH on rice plants treated with high levels of nitrogen fertilizer was caused by the increased level of oxalic acid and flavonoids in such plants,and the relatively high amounts of free amino acids that the insects obtained from them.

关 键 词：褐飞虱 水稻品种 氮肥施用水平 田间种群 

分 类 号：S435.112.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]