昆虫几丁质酶及其在害虫防治中的应用  

Insect chitinase and its application in insect pest control

作　　者：李瑶[1] 范晓军[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学化学化工学院生物与制药工程系,太原030024

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2011年第5期1489-1494,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：山西省青年科技研究基金(2010021031-2);太原市技术创新项目(0904014)

摘　　要：几丁质是昆虫重要的结构性组分,在昆虫生长发育的各个时期都需要一定量的几丁质来维持其代谢平衡。昆虫几丁质酶可以降解昆虫体壁和围食膜中的几丁质,作为一种潜在的生物杀虫剂在害虫防治方面具有广阔的应用前景。随着对昆虫几丁质酶研究的不断深入,目前已克隆到了30余种昆虫几丁质酶,并应用于转基因作物和基因工程微生物中,对害虫具有一定的防治效果。本文就昆虫几丁质酶的生理功能、生化特性、结构特点、在害虫防治中的研究现状及应用前景做一全面的综述。Chitin,an important structural component of insects,plays an essential role at various periods of their growth and development.One potential biopesticide is the insect molting enzyme,chitinase,which degrades chitin in the integument and peritrophic membrane to a low molecular weight and promises to be a biocontrol agent with broad application.More than 30 species of insect chitinases have now been cloned and some of these have been incorporated into transgenic plants and recombinant microorganisms where they have achieved a degree of effectiveness in controlling insect pests.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physiological function,biochemical characterization and structure of insect chitinase,as well as current research on chitinase for pest control purposes.

关 键 词：几丁质 昆虫几丁质酶 害虫防治 

分 类 号：S482.39[农业科学—农药学]