豹子花属及百合属13种25居群的核型研究  

Karyotypes of Twenty-five Populations of Thirteen Species in Nomocharis and Lilium

作　　者：万娟[1] 周颂东[1] 高云东[1] 何兴金[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2011年第5期477-494,共18页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31100161;31070166);教育部博士点基金资助项目(20090181110064);中国科学院大科学装置开放研究项目(2009-LSF-GBOWS-01);科技部科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2007FY110100)

摘　　要：采用常规压片法对豹子花属6种11居群和百合属7种14居群进行了核型研究,并用不对称系数AI度量核型不对称性,以CVCL-CVCI散点图比较近缘类群之间的亲缘关系。结果表明:1)除美丽豹子花No-mocharis basilissa为三倍体外,其余全为二倍体;2)核型在种间、居群间存在变异,特别是在随体染色体的数目和位置以及B染色体的有无上种间存在明显差别;3)CVCL-CVCI散点图显示豹子花属与百合属关系密切;4)染色体结构变异产生数量和类型不同的次缢痕,是豹子花属植物进化的主要方式。豹子花属在从其起源地和分化中心高黎贡山向四周扩散时,细胞核型方面伴随着出现了非整倍体、三倍体、B染色体和次缢痕进化的类型。Karyotypes of 11 populations of 6 species in Nomocharis and 14 populations of 7 species in Lilium were analyzed to discuss the taxonomic treatment of Nomocharis and elucidate the phylogenetic relationship between Nomocharis and Lilium. Cytological observations were carried out exclusively from root tips. For mitotic arrest, meristematic tissues were pre-treated with 1 ： 1 mixture of 0.1% colchicine and p-dichlorobenzene at ambient temperature （ 10℃-20℃ ） for 8-10 h before fixation in Camoy I （one part glacial acetic acid to three parts absolute ethanol） at 4℃ for 2-24 h. They were macerated in 1 mol · L^-1 HCl at 60℃ for 5-6 minutes, stained and squashed in Carbol Fuchisn. Karyotype asymmetry was assessed by four indices （As. K% , AI, CVcLand CVCl ） in which the later three were newly proposed and had he considered to have phylogenetic significance. Furthermore, we tried to clarify the relationship between Nomocharis and Lilium with the scatter diagram of CVCL against CVcI. The results and conclusions were as follows ： 1 ） Karyotypes showed differences among species and populations, especially in the number and location of secondary constrictions as well as the presence or absence of B chromosomes; 2 ） Nomocharis and Lilium are closely related; 3 ） Chromosome structural variation produced abundant types （five in total） of secondary constrictions, which was considered to be the main driving force of evolution in the genus Nomocharis ; 4 ） Ancuploid, triploid, B chromosomes and secondary constriction type Ⅲ emerged accompanied by the dispersal of Nomocharis to adjacent areas from its origin and differentiation center, namely, Gaoligongshan. In this paper, the triploidof N. basilissa and karyotypes of L. xanthellum were documented for the first time.

关 键 词：核型进化 豹子花属 百合属 次缢痕 不对称系数AI 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]