我国高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术的肌肉用力特征  

The Characteristics of Muscle Force in Swinging Technology in Chinese High-Level Sprinters'Mid-Way Running

作　　者：张杰[1] 吴瑛[2] 康文峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育学院教务处,上海200438 [3]河南科技大学体育学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2011年第5期46-51,共6页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会重点科研计划项目(08490512900);上海市教委重点学科(第5期)建设资助项目(J51001);上海体育学院研究生创新基金资助项目(YJSCX201101)

摘　　要：运用表面肌电遥测和高速摄像同步测试方法,揭示我国部分高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术的肌肉用力特征。结果表明:短跑途中跑摆动技术的肌电特征表现为明显的时序性,肌肉间的收缩具有高度协调性。折叠前摆阶段,摆动腿屈髋肌的主要电位活动是在摆动初期:运动员足蹬离地面至(另一腿)垂直支撑时刻前;垂直支撑时刻后,摆动腿股二头肌长头、半腱肌的活动明显,活动时间较长;下压着地阶段,其工作性质由被动拉长转为向心收缩使髋关节伸,同时还作用于膝关节使膝关节屈,神经肌肉活动的机制十分复杂。在专项力量训练实践中,教练员应结合摆动腿髋关节屈伸肌群的发力特点,优选专项力量训练的手段,提高训练效果。With the methods of synchronous test with surface electromyography telemetry and high-speed camera, the paper aims to explore the characteristics of muscle force in swing technology in Chinese high-level sprinter＇ s midway running. The results indicate that the EMG of swigging technology is characterized by significant tempo and high coordination of muscle contraction. During the phase of forward-swing, especially in the initial stage, hip flexor muscles are in highly activation; biceps femoris and semltendinosus are in high activities after the vertical support moments, its active significantly longer; during the phase of backward-swing, it works from passive stretched into centripetal contraction making hip extension and knee flexion, to make the neuromuscular mechanism of biceps frmoris and semitendinosus very complex. Therefore, in the training of specific strength, coaches should fully combine the characteristics of muscles working of hip flexion and extension, and optimize special strength training means to improve training effect.

关 键 词：高水平短跑运动员 短跑途中跑 摆动技术 肌肉用力特征 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练] G804.63[文化科学—体育学]