不同栽培方式对菜地土壤养分和生物学特性的影响  

Effects of different farming systems on vegetable field soil nutrients and soil biological characteristics

作　　者：叶静宜[1] 和文龙[1] 孙连飞 吴彬[1] 王继英[2] 封雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学有机农业与有机食品研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]上海市松江区农业技术推广中心,上海201611

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第5期32-37,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,以芹菜、西兰花、生菜和胡萝卜为供试作物,分析比较了有机栽培、安全环境质量栽培、特别栽培和常规栽培对土壤养分和生物学特性的影响。结果表明,有机栽培、安全环境质量栽培和特别栽培下土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量比常规栽培均不同程度地增加。有机栽培、安全环境质量栽培和特别栽培均显著提高了土壤微生物量碳含量,比常规栽培分别提高48.6%、42.9%和26.6%,并达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异。土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性在有机栽培、安全环境质量栽培和特别栽培下比常规栽培显著提高17.4%～38.8%,且过氧化氢酶活性达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异。有机栽培、安全环境质量栽培下土壤转化酶活性比常规栽培有所提高,但是没有达到显著差异。不同栽培方式对土壤养分和生物学特性影响作用的大小为有机栽培>安全环境质量栽培>特别栽培>常规栽培。A field experiment was carried on to evaluate the effects of Organic farming,Safety,Environment and Quality farming（SEQ）,Special farming and Conventional farming systems on soil nutrients and soil biological characteristics,with celery,lettuce,carrot and broccoli as test crops.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,microbial biomass carbon and enzymatic activities（catalase,urease and invertase）were determined in soil taken from different farming systems.Compared with Conventional farming system,Organic,SEQ and Special farming systems resulted in significant increases in soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.Compared with Conventional farming soil,soil microbial biomass carbon in Organic,SEQ and Special farming soil significantly increased by 48.6%,42.9% and 26.6%,respectively,while there was a significant（P0.05）or highly significant（P0.01）difference between Organic,SEQ,Special farming soil and Conventional farming soil.In contrast to Conventional farming soil,soil catalase and urease activities in Organic,SEQ and Special farming soils significantly increased by 17.4% to 38.8%.Especially,soil catalase activitties had reached a significant（P0.05）or highly significant（P0.01）difference between Organic,SEQ,Special farming soil and Conventional farming soil.In addition,Soil invertase activity was slightly higher in Organic,SEQ farming soils than Conventional farming soil,but no differences was found.In short,the effects of Organic,SEQ,Special and Conventional farming system on soil nutrients and soil biological characteristics decreased in the order of OrganicSEQSpecialConventional farming system.

关 键 词：有机栽培 安全环境质量栽培 特别栽培 土壤养分 土壤微生物量碳 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]