新疆中哈边境地区大沙鼠疫源地种群繁殖调查  

Investigation and research of Rhombomys Opimus on population propagation and influence factors at Sino-kazakh border area

作　　者：尹小平[1] 彭定希[1] 骄娃[1] 叶志辉[2] 阿布都扎伊尔 许继业[2] 

机构地区：[1]阿拉山口出入境检验检疫局卫生检疫监管科,新疆阿拉山口833418 [2]新疆出入境检验检疫局

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2011年第5期351-354,358,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家质检总局科研基金项目(2009IK211)

摘　　要：目的掌握边境口岸周边大沙鼠繁殖生态学特征与种群数量的变动规律,为鼠疫监测和防治提供依据。方法在鼠疫监测点用"昼夜弓型夹法"捕鼠,逐一解剖、记录雌雄、观察盆腔、双侧子宫、卵巢黄体、胚胎、子宫斑、睾丸情况。结果 5年共捕获大沙鼠1795只,其中雄性677只,雌性1118只,雄雌之比1:1.65。孕鼠81只、黄体15只,5年平均妊娠率8.6%。大沙鼠每年均在4月开始妊娠,每年繁殖有4月一个高峰,妊娠率为69.9%。其他依次是5月30.0%、6月8.6%、7月2.8%、8月份最低为1.9%,自9月至次年的3月间无妊娠鼠。在81只孕鼠中检出胚胎508胎,每胎最多9胎,最少2胎,平均6.3胎。结论 5年大沙鼠雄雌比例的显著差异、同期高妊娠、高繁殖力是大沙鼠保持优势种群的主要因素。但因受疫病、天敌、气候等影响,其数量将长期保持稳定态势。根据繁殖规律及动态变化,为监测及灭鼠提供了理论依据。Objective To master the propagation ecology features and population quantity＇s changing discipline of rhombomys opiums at sino-kazakh border and ports and to offer evidence for pestilence prevention. Methods ＂Day and Night Upswept Clip Method ＂ was used to rat rhombomys opimuses. They were dissected one by one; female and male were recorded; pelvic cavity, uterus in two sides, ovarian luteal, embryo, womb stain as well as testicle condition were observed on plague surveillance sites. Results 677 male rhombomys opimuses and 1118 female rhombomys opimuses were ratted; the ratio was 1：1.65. Pregnant rhombomys opimuses were 81, 15 for luteal, average pregnancy was 8.6%. Rhombomys opimuses started the gestation in April and it was the only peak in the whole year. The pregnant rate was 69.9%, and others were 30% in May, 8.6% in June, 2.8% in July, and 1.9% in August which was the lowest point. There were not any pregnant rhombomys opimuses from September to March of next year. Among 81 pregnant rhombomys opimuses, 508 embryos had been checked out, 9 for the most, 2 for the least, and 6.3 for the average in every birth. Conclusion Male and female rhombomys opimus ratio significant difference of five years, high pregnancy at the same time as well as strong propagation were the main reasons of dominant population. However, the numbers would increase continuously and steadily caused by plague, natural enemy, climate, etc.. It offered evidence for investigation and rat destruction according to the propagation and dynamic change.

关 键 词：大沙鼠 性比 繁殖 妊娠率 胎仔数 中哈边境 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]