行为功利主义违法观  

The View on Act Utilitarianism's Illegality

作　　者：张明楷[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2011年第5期113-127,共15页China Legal Science

摘　　要：刑法绝对排斥对正当行为的处罚;评价行为正当与否,应当以行为功利主义为原则,因而应当采取结果无价值论;在两种法益存在冲突的情况下,应当通过法益的衡量判断行为正当与否;符合构成要件的行为,即使违反了某种规则,但只要保护了更为优越或者同等的法益,就应成为正当化事由;行为正当与否与行为人应否受谴责不是同一个问题,因此,刑法理论必须严格区分违法与有责。Criminal law unconditionally denies the punishment on a justifies behavior;if a behavior is justified or not should be decided by act utilitarianism,the theory of valueless consequence therefore should be adopted;when two legal interests conflict each other,balancing these two different legal interests is the only way to decide if the behavior is justified;if a behavior satisfies the constitutive requirements and protects an equal or superior-valued legal interest,even if the behavior breaks some specific rules,it will be seen as justification;whether a behavior is justufied and whether the actor should be blamed are two different questions,therefore,the theories of criminal law must strictly distinguish the illegality and liability.

关 键 词：行为功利主义 规则功利主义 行为无价值论 结果无价值论 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]