三峡水库蓄水运用期化学需氧量和氨氮污染负荷研究  

STUDY ON POLLUTION LOADS OF CODCr AND AMMONIA-N INTO THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR DURING OPERATION PERIOD FROM FIRST IMPOUNDMENT TO COMPLETION

作　　者：娄保锋[1] 臧小平[2] 吴炳方[3] 

机构地区：[1]长江流域水环境监测中心,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江流域水资源保护局,湖北武汉430010 [3]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第10期1268-1273,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项项目(200901013);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目"重大工程生态环境效应遥感监测与评估"(KZCX1-YW-08-01-01);三峡工程生态与环境监测项目(SX[2008-025])

摘　　要：根据三峡工程生态与环境监测系统污染源监测资料和相关研究成果,分析了库区化学需氧量(CODCr)和氨氮总污染负荷现状及历年变化情况,结果表明三峡水库污染负荷主要来源于上游。近5a来,进入三峡水库的CODCr污染负荷平均为528.6万t/a,氨氮负荷平均为7.28万t/a,其中上游来水和库区CODCr负荷约为443.2万t/a和85.42万t/a,分别占83.8%和16.2%;上游来水和库区氨氮负荷约为4.75万t/a和2.53万t/a,分别占65.2%和34.8%。废污水及其污染物排放主要来源于重庆主城区。1997～2009年,尤其是三峡水库蓄水运用期内,库区废污水排放总量随库区社会经济快速发展而显著增加,但主要污染物CODCr和氨氮排放量增加态势得到了有效遏制,尤其是生活污水中的CODCr排放量呈下降趋势,说明一系列环境保护政策与措施取得了明显效果。尽管如此,库区和上游水污染防治仍然不容疏忽。According to data of pollution source monitoring station, part of the Monitoring System of Three Gorges Project Ecology and Environment, status in recent years and change over the years of chemical oxygen demand （CODcr） and ammonia nitrogen loads into the reservoir were analysed. Results show that pol- lution loads mainly come from upper reaehes. During recent 5 years,the CODcr pollution load was 5. 286 million tons annually on average,of which CODer load from upper reaches and that from the reservoir area were 4. 432 million tons and 854, 500 tons,accounting for 83.8% and 16.2% respectively; the ammonia nitrogen pollution load was 72 800 tons annually on average,of which the load from upper reaches and that from the reservoir area were 47 500 tons and 25 300 tons, accounting for 65.2% and 34.8% respectively. From 1997 to 2009 ,especially during the period from first impoundment to completion, the total discharge of waste water into reservoir increased significantly with the rapid economic and social development of the reservoir area,but the trend of increasing emissions of the main pollutants （CODcr and ammonia） had been effectively controlled,especially the CODcr loads in sewage discharge decreased,indicating that a series of water environmental policies and measures had resulted in obvious effects. Nevertheless, water environmental protection of both the reservoir area and upper reaches can never be neglected.

关 键 词：三峡水库 污染负荷 化学需氧量 氨氮 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]