安徽省冬小麦和一季稻分时段水分敏感性研究  

Study on Water Sensitivity of Winter Wheat and Single-season Rice in Divided Period in Anhui Province

作　　者：许莹[1] 马晓群[1] 田晓飞[2] 姚筠[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所/安徽省大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]河北省廊坊市气象局,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第24期33-39,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国气象局新技术推广项目"安徽主要农作物旱灾损失评估业务化技术研究"(CMATG2006S02);2010年公益性行业(气象)科研专项:"淮河流域主要农作物旱涝损失精细化评估技术"(GYHY201006027)

摘　　要：为了提高干旱灾害损失评估的时效性,更好地适应农业气象业务服务工作需要。根据农作物发育期与月历的对应关系,利用合肥和宿县农气观测站点冬小麦和一季稻1994—2002年的发育期、产量以及土壤水分资料,采用Jensen模型新算法模拟农作物水分的动态变化,得出农作物生长期内逐旬水分亏缺对产量的影响程度,计算作物全生育期内逐旬作物水分敏感系数。并利用安徽省干旱地区、干旱年农作物的实际减产率进行验证。结果表明,作物需水临界期对缺水最敏感,如冬小麦孕穗—抽穗扬花期和一季稻抽穗期均是对缺水最敏感的阶段,而这2个作物的苗期和成熟中后期对缺水反映均不敏感。经验证,敏感性系数计算与减产实况相吻合,因此,计算结果可作为安徽省农作物实时干旱损失评估业务的基础。In order to improve the timeliness of drought disaster loss evaluation,and help us better adapt the needs of practical agro meteorological service.According to the correspondence relationship between crop ＇ s growth phase and monthly calendar,the crop ＇ s water dynamic variation was simulated using the data of crop growth period,yield and soil moisture from 1994 to 2002 in the main agro-meteorological observation stations of Anhui Province.Then crop ＇ s responsive degree of water shortage to yield during all the growth phase in every ten days was obtained,and crop ＇ s water sensitivity index in every ten days were calculated by using new calculation of Jensen model.Actual reducing outputs and calculated values were analyzed in typical dry areas and years in Anhui province.The results showed that it was mostly sensitive to water shortage in the critical period,such as from booting to heading-flowering stages of winter heat,and in heading stage of single-season rice.But it is mostly insensitive to water shortage in seeding and the middle and late mature period.The test results coincided with the facts.The calculated crop ＇ s water sensitivity index in every ten days can be used as basis of crop ＇ s drought damage evaluation service in Anhui Province.

关 键 词：冬小麦 一季稻 水分敏感指数 安徽 

分 类 号：S1[农业科学—农业基础科学]