新型有机无机复合肥对冬小麦水肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Soil Amendment Fertilizer on Water and Nutrient Utilization of Winter Wheat

作　　者：周立峰[1,2] 冯浩[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2011年第10期5-9,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：“十一五”国家“863”计划项目(2006AA100204);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(NO.111-2-16);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：2009-2010年,通过田间试验设置不同灌水与施肥水平,研究了不同施用量新型有机无机复合肥(SAF)对冬小麦水肥利用的影响。结果表明:随着灌水量的增大,新型有机无机复合肥最佳施肥量也随之增大;各灌水施肥处理中,拔节期灌水60 mm、新型有机无机复合肥施肥水平1 350 kg/hm2时,冬小麦产量最大,为8 894.11 kg/hm2。在考虑产投比的前提下,不灌水、灌一水、灌两水下经济最佳SAF施肥量分别为656 kg/hm2、920.13 kg/hm2与872.38 kg/hm2。SAF处理可明显提高小麦生产水分利用效率(WUE)与养分利用效率(PUE),其变化规律与产量变化基本一致。灌水处理下,SAF能显著提高农田土壤有机质含量,并能减缓因灌水增大而引起的小麦农田土壤有机质亏损。SAF较常规施肥能更明显地提高土壤有机质及碱解氮含量。灌水对冬小麦氮肥偏生产力(NPEP)影响不大。在不超量施用SAF的条件下,SAF处理的NPEP高于NF处理,SAF处理间的NPEP随着施肥量的增大逐渐减小。Experiment from 2009 to 2010 was conducted to study the effects of soil amendment fertilizer on yields of winter wheat and NEP of farmland.The results are as follow： As irrigation was improved,the optimum amount of SAF fertilization was raised correspondingly;the maximum yield was 8 894.11 kg/ha under the treatment of irrigation at 60 mm in jointing stage and fertilized soil amendment fertilizer at 1 350 kg/ha.Based on output-input ratio,the optimum amount of SAF fertilization under no irrigation,irrigation once,irrigation twice was respectively 656 kg/ ha、920.13 kg/ha and 872.38 kg/ha.SAF can obviously increase PUE and WUE of winter wheat production,variation regulation of PUE,WUE and yields are basically similar.Under water treatments,SAF can significantly improve the soil organic matter of farmland,and can retard soil organic matter losses for irrigation on winter wheat farmland.SAF can obviously improve soil organic matter and alkali-hydro nitrogen content than NF treatment.Irrigation had little impact on N partial use efficiency（NPEP） of winter wheat.If fertilizer amount of the SAF were not excess,NPEP of SAF treatments were above than NF treatment.NPEP between treatments of SAF with the increase of fertilizer N decreased gradually.

关 键 词：新型有机无机复合肥 冬小麦 WUE 产量 水肥利用 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]