南方冰雪灾害期间地面水热通量推算及应用试验  

Calculation and Application Test of Ground Water and Heat Flux During Ice Disaster Over South China

作　　者：成驰 陈正洪 刘建宇[2] 徐祥德[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430074 [2]云南省气象科学研究所,昆明650034 [3]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2011年第3期266-271,共6页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAC48B02)

摘　　要：使用2008年1—2月武汉、南昌、长沙、永州四站逐日气象资料,采用一个水热通量参数计算模型反演我国南方2008年初冰雪灾害发生前后四个代表站地面水热通量变化特征,并尝试利用反演的地面潜热通量值进行地面积雪、融雪预报试验。结果表明:冰雪灾害发生后,地面水热通量参数值发生明显变化,其中向上感热通量明显下降,潜热通量明显上升,净辐射值较低,部分站点为负值;土壤热流量变化较灾害前变化平稳,随灾情发展,深层土壤热量开始逐渐向表层传输;水热通量参数值对分析灾害发生发展期间的能量传输变化特征具有较好的参考价值;利用水热通量模型,结合降雪预报可拟合融雪量和积雪深度,积雪深度拟合绝对误差在5 mm以下。By using daily meteorological data from 4 stations（Wuhan,Nanchang,Changsha and Yongzhou） from January to February of 2008 and a water and heat flux calculation model,changing features of ground water and heat fluxes at 4 stations before and after ice and snow disaster of early 2008 in South China was inversed,and forecast tests on ground snow and snowmelt were tried with the inversed ground latent heat flux.The results show that the ground water and heat flux evolve significantly with the sensible heat flux decreased and the latent heat flux increased,and the net radiation is in low values and is negative in some sites during the ice disaster.The soil heat flux changes smoothly during the ice disaster than that before the ice disaster,meanwhile heat in the deep soil began to be transferred to the surface with development of the disaster.The water and heat flux is useful to analyze evolving feature of the energy transfer during the ice disaster.Combined with snow forecast the water and heat flux model can be used to fit the amount of snowmelt and snow depth,and the absolute fitting error of snow depth is less than 5 mm.

关 键 词：冰雪灾害 水热通量 地表能量平衡 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]