Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Nursery Bed Treatments for the Control of Root-Knot Nematodes [Meloidogynejavanica （Treub） Chitwood and Meloidogyne incognita （Kofoid and White） Chitwood] in Smallholder Farms in Kenya  

作　　者：D. K. Karanja S. R. Gowen B. Ndung u R. O. Musebe S. Simons A McLeod B. R. Kerry P. K. Karanja B. Pembroke 

机构地区：[1]CAB International, P.O. Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya [2]School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6dR, Berkshire, UK [3]Kenya Agricultural Research Institute - National Horticultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 220-01000, Thika, Kenya [4]Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK

出　　处：《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》2011年第5期647-662,共16页农业科学与技术（A）

摘　　要：Root-knot nematodes （Meloidogvne spp.） constrain the production of high value vegetable crops, such as tomato, on smallholder farms in Kenya. For several years, control of root-knot nematodes largely depended on the use of synthetic nematicides, most of which have been banned due to their toxicity to humans and the environment. Farmer-participatory trials were established, for two consecutive growing seasons on farmers＇ fields infested with root-knot nematodes （A4eloidogvne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita）, at two sites in central Kenya （Maragua and Kirinyaga districts）, representing two contrasting group of farmers （low-input and high-input）. The trials aimed at evaluating the potential of using biological control agents （BCAs）, i.e. Poehonia ehlamydosporia and Pasteuria penetrans, antagonistic plants （Crotalaria grahamiana and Tagetes minuta）, ＂＇trash burning＂ and chemical control （dazomet 98% = Basamid~ Granular） in the management of root-knot nematodes in tomato nursery beds, and quantify the associated net benefits, compared to an untreated control. Crotalaria grahamiana, ＂trash burning＂ and dazomet, significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the number of second-stage juveniles （J2s） of the root-knot nematodes in the soil in nursery beds during the first season at Karigui-ini, but there was no significant （P 〉 0.05） increase in yield after transplanting tomato seedlings from the respective treatment. Similarly, one of the BCAs （P. ehlamydosporia）, was effectively transferred to the field with seedlings from the BCA-treated nursery beds, but there was no significant （P 〉 0.05） increase in yield due to slow proliferation of the BCA, after transplanting. Participatory partial budgets were successfully developed with srnallholder farmers, and proved to be a vital tool in making informed decisions on management options for root-knot nematodes. In general, labour was considered by all farmers as the major input that contributed to the overall additional c

关 键 词：Integrated pest management nematode control biological control Pochonia chlamydosporia Pasteuria penetrans botanical nematicides. 

分 类 号：S432.45[农业科学—植物病理学] TQ458[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]