后羿、寒浞神话传说的历史钩沉  

Historical Analysis on the myths of"Hou Yi"and"Han Zhuo"

作　　者：江林昌[1] 孙进[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台大学中国学术研究所,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《学术月刊》2011年第10期124-131,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"出土简帛与古史再建"(09JZD0042);国家科技支撑计划"中华文明探源及其相关文物保护技术研究"项目课题"古代简牍保护与整理研究"(2010BAK67B14)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：由于羿的名字有夷羿、仁羿、穷羿、后羿之别,其活动时间从五帝时代晚期直到夏代中期,长达数百年,而其行事更是善恶不分,忠奸并容。因为这样的原因,学术史上往往将羿分为几个形象来理解,并认同某些古文献所持态度,把羿当作反面人物来对待。实际上这些都是误解。认识后羿及寒浞的神话传说,至少应该把握三点事实:(一)无论是神性的羿还是人性的羿,无论是族名羿、地名羿、图腾羿,还是酋长羿,实际都是同一个羿在不同历史阶段不同场合的不同表现而已;(二)就有关文献和考古资料可知,以后羿、寒浞为代表的东夷集团曾在中华文明起源及早期发展过程中创造过最先进的文化,东夷民族在当时众多民族部落中是一支实力最强大、影响最深远的民族;(三)战国秦汉文献中,对后羿、寒浞历史形象的批评否定,实际上是在"中原文化中心论"、"夷夏之辨"观念影响下,对东夷民族不公正态度的表现。＂Yi＂ is an old tribe existed from the late of Wudi Period to the mid-Xia Dynasty. In fact, the ＂Hou Yi＂ and ＂Han Zhuo＂ recorded in the ancient myths and legends should be understood completely and accurately by three aspects. Firstly, the different records about ＂Yi＂ and ＂Han Zhuo＂ are only their different deeds in different time or different places. Secondly, by inference of the received texts and the archaeological facts, it＇s obviously that the ＂Dong Yi＂ tribes represented by ＂Hou Yi＂ and ＂Han Zhuo＂ had created the most advanced culture at that time and the ＂Dong Yi＂ tribes must be the strongest and most impressive one. Finally, the total negations about the ＂Hou Yi＂ and ＂Han Zhuo＂ are based on the traditional idea of ＂discrimination between Xia and Yi＂. It＇s obvious that the ＂Dong Yi＂ tribes have been suffered unfair treatment for long time.

关 键 词：羿 寒浞 神话 历史 东夷 华夏 夷夏之辨 

分 类 号：K21[历史地理—历史学]