施氮和肥料添加剂对太湖地区小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen and Fertilizer Additive Application on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation and Utilization in Taihu Lake Region

作　　者：李文军[1,2] 杨晓云[1,2] 颜晓元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2011年第4期702-707,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划(973)项目(2009CB118603);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-440)

摘　　要：为给太湖地区冬小麦合理施氮提供理论依据及技术选择,以扬麦10号为试验材料,在田间条件下研究了施氮和肥料添加剂对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥可显著提高小麦产量和植株累积吸氮量,但对阶段氮累积比例无明显影响;氮肥吸收利用率和农学利用率随施氮量增加而降低。在施氮基础上增施肥料添加剂可进一步增加小麦产量和各生育时期植株累积吸氮量,且增加值随施氮量和肥料添加剂用量的增加而增加。尿素配施低水平(50 kg.hm-2)肥料添加剂对小麦产量和植株氮素吸收利用的综合提升效应不明显;施用高水平肥料添加剂(100 kg.hm-2)在施氮150和250 kg.hm-2条件下产量及氮素吸收利用均显著增加(P<0.05)。综合考虑籽粒产量和氮肥利用率,"施氮250 kg.hm-2+施肥料添加剂100 kg.hm-2"是本试验条件下较优的氮肥管理模式。Taihu lake region is one of the most high yield agriculture areas of China,nitrogen application rate in farm land is always higher.Take Yangmai 10 as the material,the effects of applying N and fertilizer additive（FA） on wheat yield,N accumulation and utilization were studied under the field condition.The results showed that along with increasing of N application rate,grain yield and nitrogen accumulation in wheat plant increased,N fertilizer use efficiency decreased,and the increased N rate had no effect on the stage N accumulation percentage.Applying FA can further increases grain yield and nitrogen accumulation in wheat plant at different growth periods and the values-added showed an increasing trend along with the increasing of N rate.The FA treatments with the lower application rate had insignificant promotion effect on wheat growth and N utilization when compared to urea treatments;While on condition that when applying N rate at 150 and 250 kg·hm-2,the grain yield,N accumulation and N fertilizer use efficiency increased significantly（P0.05） in the treatment of applying FA with the higher rate.In terms of grain yield and N fertilizer use efficiency,the recommended N management mode would be ＂N application rate at 250 kg·hm-2 ＋ FA application rate at 100 kg·hm-2＂ based on results of this experiment.

关 键 词：太湖地区 小麦 施氮量 肥料添加剂 氮素吸收与利用 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318