云南铁壳麦穗发芽抗性及成因初步研究  

Study on the Pre-harvest Sprouting Tolerance in Triticum aestivum ssp. Yunnanense King

作　　者：杨金华[1,2] 于亚雄[2] 程加省[2] 谭学林[1] 沈为频 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [3]云南省易门县种子管理站,云南易门651100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2011年第4期747-752,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30760119);云南省重点基金项目(2008C010);云南省麦类科技攻关项目(2010BB005)

摘　　要：为给云南铁壳麦在小麦抗穗发芽育种中的应用提供依据,以收获后保存于-20℃和常温下的云南铁壳麦为材料,研究了其穗发芽抗性的多样性及其形成因素。结果表明,32份云南铁壳麦平均穗发芽率为14.3%,穗发芽度为6.01%,具有很强的穗发芽抗性;整粒平均发芽率为24.3%,发芽指数为21.8%,表现出较强的休眠性;其中有3份铁壳麦休眠性较弱,2份在常温保存3个月后发芽率依然低于50%,休眠期较长。半粒的平均发芽率和发芽指数分别为40.2%和28.7%,推测休眠性与种皮以及种子内的抑制物质有关。在颖壳+籽粒发芽实验中,-20℃保存材料的平均发芽率为11.8%,发芽指数为9.4%,说明颖壳浸出液对籽粒发芽有较强的抑制作用;常温下保存材料的平均发芽率在第1、第3、第5和第7天分别为27.4%、7.5%、1.9%和0.6%,8 d后仍有34.1%的籽粒未能发芽,说明随着实验时间的延长,颖壳中抑制物质的浸出液浓度逐渐增加,抑制作用加强。从抑制率来看,种皮抑制率>颖壳机械抑制率>颖壳浸出物抑制率,表明云南铁壳麦的穗发芽抗性主要来自于种子的强休眠性,颖壳的机械作用和浸出物的抑制作用也是主要的形成因素。Improving pre-harvest sprouting（PHS） tolerance is one of the most important objectives in wheat breeding.In this study,32 accessions of Triticum aestivum ssp.Yunnanense King（so called Yunnan Hulled Wheat）,which was stored for 3 months under the-20℃ and room conditions after harvested,were employed to evaluate PHS tolerance and its components,respectively.In the intact spike experiment,the average germination ratio of Yunnan Hulled Wheat was 14.3%,and the germination degree was 6.0%,indicated that Yunnan Hulled Wheat had very strong tolerance to PHS.In the whole grain sprouting study,the average germination ratio was 24.3%,and the germination degree was 21.8%,suggesting they had very strong dormancy,and among those 2 accessions had the longest dormant period and 3 accessions had weak dormant ability.In the half grain experiment,the average germination ratio and index was 40.2% and 28.7%,respectively.In the glumes plus grain experiment,the average germination ratio and index was 11.8% and 9.4%,respectively.These indicated that inhibitor exuded from the glumes had strong inhibition on grain germination.As for the material stored under the room condition,the germination ratio reduced very quickly from 27.4% of the first day to 1.9% of the fifth day,until 0.6% of the seventh day,eventually there were 34.1% grains fail to sprout,these results indicated that along with the experimental time,the inhibitor from the glumes accumulated and the effect of inhibition increased.The tolerance of Yunnan hulled wheat to the PHS mostly depended on the seed dormancy,and then the inhibition effect of tenacious and tight glumes,while the inhibitor exuded from the glumes also had a great contribution to pre-harvest sprouting.

关 键 词：云南铁壳麦 穗发芽 形成因素 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311